3. 词汇题
此类题旨在考查考生对某些关键词语或句子在特定的语境中含义的理解能力；通过上下文或构词法猜测判断某些超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响这一类题的得分率。这类考题的正确答案往往是相应词语的同义词语，或是对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。其余三个选项，往往是对原相应表达方式的不正确的改写，或故意丢三拉四，或半对半错，或曲解原意。这些干扰项有时会使用较多的原句中的表达方式，给人似是而非的误导。
语义题的常见出题形式有：
1．The phrase……. in paragraph X most probably means__________.
2．1The word ……in Line X Paragraph Y can be best replaced by ____________.
3．According to the author, the word …… means___________.
4．The sentence ……. . in paragraph X refers to__________.
5．According to this passage, the expression…… can be interpreted as___________.
6．What does the author probably mean by …… in the first paragraph?
7．The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that _________.
8．From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.
词汇题例1
原文：A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12-inch downpours resulting in sudden floods.
Apparently the word "downpour" in the last paragraph means _____.
A. heavy rainfallB. dangerous waves
C. the progress of water to the hurricane centerD. the energy produced by the hurricane
根据上下文brings 6 to 12-inch….resulting in sudden floods可知道此处的downpour为倾盆大雨，因此正确答案为A。
词汇题例2
原文：Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.
The phrase “sour the pleasures of society” most nearly means _____.
A. have a good taste to the pleasures of society
B. aren´t content with the pleasures of society
C. feel happy with the pleasures of society
D. enjoy the pleasures of society
根据下文的offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable我们知道sour一词在此处为贬意词，因此可选择B：对社会的愉悦感到不满意。(安通学校提供)
词汇题例 3
原文： There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland remaining, and good fertile land is continually being changed into industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll.
“Erosion” in the last sentence of the second paragraph probably means _____.
A. “washing away” B. “taking away”
C. “digging up” D. “picking up”
根据上下文可知erosion为“侵蚀”之意，所以正确答案为A.
解词汇题除了需要扎实的词汇基本功之外，前一节中所讲的利用上下文、利用构词法、利用语法知识、根据同／反义关系、利用逻辑／常识猜测词义都不失为解题的好办法。尤其是上下文和构词法，这两个方法是解词汇题的最常用的法宝。
请看下面这段文字：
The vertebrates can be divided into five groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
FISH. These live in water. Most of them have a body covered in scales. They breathe with gills in the neck and their shape is often pointed so that they can move easily through the water. The tail is flattened from side to side to push against the water as they swim. Most fish lay eggs and do not look after their young.
AMPHIBIANS. These can live on land or in the water. Their bodies are often smooth and their skin is damp. They breathe with lungs or through their skins but some also breathe with their mouth. They have two pairs of limbs and lay their eggs in water. These eggs hatch to produce a larva or tadpole which looks very different from the parents. The tadpole grows and then changes to look like the parent.
REPTILES. These live on land or in the water. Their bodies are covered with scales. They breathe with lungs and have two pairs of legs (except the snakes and some lizards). They lay their eggs in warm places on land and the eggs hatch to produce a small animal just like the parent.
BIRDS. These live on land. Some can swim on the water. A few, like the penguin and puffin, can also swim under water. Their bodies are covered with feathers. Birds breathe with lungs and have two pairs of limbs. The front limbs are the wings used for flying. They lay eggs and keep them warm with their bodies until they hatch. Then they look after the young chicks until they can fend for themselves.
MAMMALS. This group includes Man. Mammals can live on land or in the water. The whale and the dolphin live in the sea. The bats have wings and can fly. All mammals breathe with lungs and often have bodies covered with hair. They have two pairs of limbs. They produce live young (there are two exceptions: the duck— billed platypus and the spiny ant-eater, who both lay eggs) and feed them with milk that the mother makes in her special glands. The parent animals look after their young until they are old enough to look after themselves.
其中的斜体字词语vertebrates脊椎动物,amphibians两栖动物, reptiles爬行动物,mammals哺乳动物, scales鳞, gills鳃,flattened扁平的,larva幼虫, tadpole蝌蚪, lizards蜥蜴,penguin企鹅，puffin海雀,chicks雏鸟, fend照料, dolphin海豚, platypus鸭嘴兽, ant-eater食蚁兽, glands 腺等，都是超纲词和专业术语，但通过上下文，我们都能理解其大致意思
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