5. 识别信号词
所谓“信号词”(Signal Words) 是指一些在阅读中起着信号提示的词语。这些词语预示着将要读到的内容与上下文存在什么样的关系，或具有什么样的逻辑意思。因为我们知道，文章的句子不是无序地排列，而是按照一定关系，有目的、有规律地组织起来的。注意信号词能使我们了解作者的思路，理顺该句与上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而提高阅读理解的效率和准确率。请看下面这一段落：
In that mill, I learned the process of making paper. First, the logs are put in the shredder. Then, they are cut into small chips and mixed with water and acid. Next, they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp to be cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it. After this, it is passed through rollers to flatten it. Then, sheets of wet paper are produced. Finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.
作者通过表示先后顺序的信号词first, then, next, after this, then 和finally, 有条不紊地描述出造纸工艺的整个过程。
信号词的类别
信号词可以归纳为下面几种：
l）表示递进的信号词：
after all, also, again, and then, as well as, further more, additionally, in addition, in other words, moreover, to repeat等；
2）预示有相同或类似内容的信号词：
and, also, moreover, further, likewise, in addition, besides, similarly, as well as, the same as等；
3）预示有不同或相反内容出现的信号词：
but, however, while, whereas, on the other hand, on the contrary, as apposed to, to the opposite, otherwise等；
4）表示因果关系的信号词：
as, for, since, because, as a result, consequently, thus, so, therefore, for this reason, so that, thereby等；
5）表示条件性的信号词：
if, in case, assuming that, on condition that, on the supposition that, provided that等；
6) 表示总结性内容的信号词：
in short, in a word, in brief, briefly, in conclusion, as a result, in sum, to sum up, by and large, to conclude等；
7) 表示先后关系顺序的信号词：
before, after, another, first, next, then, last, finally, afterwards, later on, since then, eventually, in the end, at last等；
8) 表示解释、举例说明关系的信号词：
for example, for instance, such as, to illustrate, evidently, obviously, in other words, that is to say, the same as等；
9) 表示目的的信号词：
in order to, in order that, so that, so as to, for the purpose that等。
下面一例考试的一段文字录音稿就有带有各类不同功能的信号词。
If you´re in your 20s, you own your first car, your career is more or less launched, and you´re starting to look forward to owning a home. But you´re worried, too. Perhaps you´ve got some debt. You probably don´t have much in the way of savings. And with all your expenses, it doesn´t look like you´ll be able to improve that situation soon.
If you wonder how to cut corners, there´s an obvious place to look—at your spending habits.
Do you buy a soda each weekend? Waste $1 a day for 40 years and, when you´re set to retire, you´ll find your account is short by $190,000. Grab a calculator and you´ 11 discover that, over 40 years, going out to dinner twice a month at $40 each time amounts to half a million. Even a pack-a-day cigarette habit will lighten your retirement account by $330,000. And the same with cable TV and those cool earrings. They will probably amount toas much as one million.
So, the first clue to accumulating wealth is this: focus on your spending habits.
要是我们能把握住其中的黑体字信号词，那么将有助于全文的理解，提高做题的效率。
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