所谓非谓语动词,是指不能作谓语的动词,也不受主语人称和数的限制,但具有动词的某些特
征,不仅可以接宾语,而且还有时态和语态的变化。此外它可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定
语、状语和同位语。非谓语动词不仅是语法学习的重点和难点,也是GCT必考的语法知识。其具体
表现形式有三种:1.动词不定式to + V ; 2.动名词V-ing; 3.过去分词V-ed.三者的核心含义和区
别如下:
动词不定式to + V一般用来表示目的或结果,或者某个具体的动作。
动名词V-ing一般用来表示动作的主动概念和进行意义。
过去分词V-ed一般用来表示动作的被动概念和完成意义。
(一)关于动词不定式的考点
考点一:直接接动词不定式做宾语的动词
这一类动词往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、企图等 afford, agree, aak, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim,consent, decide,
demand, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, hate, help, hesitate,
hinder, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, refuse,resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, want
He pledged never to come back until he had made great success.
I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes.我对花那么多钱买衣服犹豫不决。
考点二:在下列情况下常用不带(或省略)to的动词不定式:
1.感官动词后面:feel, listen, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe, perceive
I saw a man enter the shop.
2.表示使役意义的动词,如:have, let, make
The teacher has us write a composition every week.
3.一些情态动词后面:had better, would rather…than…,would sooner…than…,rather than, may well do,may as well do (还是…好了),can not but…,can not
help but…
Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.
We might as well put up here for tonight.
4.在do (did, does, done) nothing (anything, everything )but (except)
do句型中
I can do nothing but follow your advice.
如果but或except之前没有do,其后的to不能省略。
There is no choice but to wait and see.
5.由all, what引导的主语从句或者主语被only, first, one, least或形容词最高级修
饰时,而且从句中
含有do时,其表语如果是动词不 only, first, one, least或形容词最高级修
饰时,而且从句中
含有do时,其表语如果是动词不定式,则往往省去to.
What I have to do is take a rest.
The only thing I could do was do it myself.
6.由并列连词and,except, but, than, or连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定
式时,第二个动词不
定式不带to.
I‘d like to stay with you, help you and learn from you.
She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.
责任编辑:刀刀