语气是用来表示说话者的意图和态度。尽管英语中有陈述语气(indicative mood)、祈使语气(imperative mood)、虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)等,但是在我国中高级英语考试中考的最多的是虚拟语气。虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达:
a.非真实的情景,不可能发生的事,即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况,或说话人主观愿望。
b.与客观事实相反的情景,即强制性虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、劝告等意思,表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。
虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的,其特点是主从句时态的不一致,而且一般有明显的标志。具体考点如下:
考点一:if句型(共有三种句型)
1.与现在的事实相反
从句用一般过去时,主句的谓语用would (could, might)+动词原形
If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day.
2.与过去的事实相反
从句用过去完成时,主句的谓语用would (could, might)+现在完成时
If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got
my PhD degree.
3.与将来的事实相反
从句用should (were to,did) +动词原形,主句的谓语用would (could, might)+动词原形
If it should / were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
4.虚拟语气条件句中if的省略,此时主谓要倒装。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam.
5.条件句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致,(例如:条件句动作发生在过去,主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel much better now.
If I were you, I wouldn‘t have missed the film last night.
考点二:wish句型表达“但愿…,要是…多好”的语气
wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气,其谓语部分有时态变化:表示对现在情况珠虚拟时,动词用一般过去时(如did);对过去的情况进行虚拟时,动词用“过去完成时(如had done)或情态动词的过去时+动词的现在完成时(如could have done)”形式;表示情况的虚拟时,用“情态动词的过去时形式+动词原形(如might do)。”
I wish I had been to the concert last night.
I wish he would forgive me.
I wish I would remember all the English words in a week.
同例:在as if / as though引导的状语从句中和以if only引起的感叹句中,谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。例:
He talked as if he had known Tom for a long time.
He talks as if he were the boss.他说起话来就像他是老板。
If only I were free now.(注意:if only…后面可以不加主句)
考点三:在强制性语气的宾语从句中,即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词+ that + (should) +动词原形,其中should经常被省略。这类动词包括:
suggest, propose,&n p;+ (should) +动词原形,其中should经常被省略。这类动词包括:
suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require,
insist, advise, decree (发布命令;下令), determine, prefer, stipulate, move(动议,规定),direct(命令),maintain(坚持),decide,ask
I suggest that you (should) not be late again next time.
I prefer that you (should) not do that.我认为你还是别干那件事的好。
注意一:以上动词的名词(如:suggestion, proposal, demand, order, command, advice, desire,
requirement, request, agreement, determination, preference , resolution,
责任编辑:刀刀