s more quickly
(D) produces a greater variety of prints
26. The word "customary" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) necessary
(B) attractive
(C) legal
(D) usual
27. The phrase "according to" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) in addition to
(B) in order to
(C) regardless of
(D) depending on
28. It can be inferred that prints may differ from other works of art in terms of all of the following EXCEPT
(A) compositional principles
(B) use of line, shape, or texture
(C) decorative qualities
(D) emotional impact
Water projects in the United States gained a new rationale in the 1930's as the nation
suffered its worst cconomic depression and the Great Plains region suffered its worst drought
in recorded history. As the economy sank into a deep depression and unemployment rates
increased, the political climate for direct federal govermnent involvement in water projects
improved. President Franklin Rooseveh's first 100 days in office brought a number of new
laws to deal with the severe economic depression that became known as the Great
Depression. Two of these laws, the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 and the
National Recovery Act of I933 (NIRA), had particular significance for water resource
development.
The natural pattern of the Tennessee River was characterized by large spring flows that
produced destructive floods and low summer flows that inhibited navigation. The intensily
and frequency of the events discouraged development and contributed to persistent poverty
in the valley. To counter these natural obstacles, the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933
created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), a public agency with broad powers to
promote development in the region, including the authority to build dams and reservoirs
and to generate and sell hydroelectric power. The TVA is a unique institution in that it
brings all the water-related functions of the federal government under a single body. The
TVA used its authority to transform the Tennessee River into one of the most highly
regulated rivers in the world within about two decades. The TVA inherited the Wilson Dam,
and by the beginning of the Second World War it had completed six additional multipurpose
dams with power plants and locks for navigation. Investments in dams and hydropower
facilities within the Tennessee Valley also received high priority during the war.
The NIRA authorized the creation of the Public Works Administration to create jobs
while undertaking work of benefit to the community. The NIRA also gave the United States
President unprecedented powers to initiate public works, including water projects. The
Public Works Administration provided loans and grants to state and local governments and
to federal agencies for municipal waterworks, sewage plants, irrigation, flood control, and
waterpower projects.
29. All of the following are mentioned as resulting from the Great Depression EXCEPT
(A) an increase in unemployment
(B) a change in political thinking
(C) a different approach to water projects
(D) a new study of the history of droughts
30. It can be inferred from the passage that before the 1930's the role of the federal government in water projects was
(A) restricted to the Great Plains region
(B) more important than its role in other conservation projects
(C) more limited than it was after 1930
(D) designed to help with drought recovery
31. The word "'significance'" in, lieu 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) difference
(B) disturbance
(C) importance
(D) excellence
32. Which of the following discouraged development of the Tennessee Valley prior to 1933 ?
(A) Laws imposed by the local government
(B) The effects of seasonal flows of the river
(C) The lack of suitable building materials
(D) The geographical features of the valley
33. The word "counter" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) explain
(B) measure
(C) exploit
(D) overcome
34. The passage mentions "the authority to build dams and reservoirs" in line 15 as an example of the
(A) wide powers of the Tennessee Valley Authority
(B) responsibilities of regional governments
(C) federal government's interests in profit-making water projects
(D) development needed to generate hydroelectric power
35 The word "transform" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) clean
(B) change
(C) control
(D) widen
36. According to the passage, the Tennessee Valley Authority decided to
(A) introduce rules to control the use of the Tennessee River
(B) build the Wilson Dam
(C) reduce investment in hydropower facilities in the Tennessee Valley
(D) increase the price of electricity
37. The word "it" in line 20 refers to
(A) the Tennessee River
(B) the TVA
(C) the Wilson Dam
(D) the Second World War
38. The word "unprecedented" in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(A) not extensive
(B) not used often
(C) not existing before
(D) not needing money
39. According to the passage, one of the functions of the Public Works Administration was to
(A) replace the NIRA
(B) regulate federal agencies
(C) influence presidential policy
(D) give financial support to state and local governments
Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes, and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. But there are many examples of tool use by other mammals, as well as by birds and other types of animals.
Tools are used by many species in the capture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees
use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding places. Among the
most complex tool use observed in the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast
chimpanzees to crack
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