二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握,因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义,并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。
5) —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. (NMET2002)
A.must B.can C.need D.may
mustn't 表示“禁止、不准”;cannot 表示“不可能”;need not 表示“不必要”;may not 表示“可能不”。分析语境可知本题应选D。
6) —I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins.___ I have a look?
—Yes, certainly. (北京2002春)
A.Do B.May C. Shall D.Should
分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许可,may表示“允许、可以”,语气比较委婉 shall常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示,如果此空用shall,则意为“要(我)看一下吗?”,不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。
7) Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (上海2001春)
A.can B.should C.may D.must
must be 表示肯定的猜测,只能用于肯定句中,由题意可知本题应选A。
8) —Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead. (NMET2000)
A.must B.would C.should D.might
由题意和下句中的 “I'm not sure” 可知这段对话中存在一种可能性推测,might可以用来表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断,故本题选D。又如:
I should have been there, but I _____ not find the time. (上海2000春)
A.would B.could C.might D.should
分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力;C 项只表示语气上的可能性,与题意不符。故本题选B。
9) Johnny, you ____ play with the knife, you ____ hurt yourself. (NMET'96)
A.won't; can't B.mustn't; may
C.shouldn't; must D.can't; shouldn't
mustn't 表示“不可以;禁止”,分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性,故本题选B。
10) —Will you stay for lunch
—Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET'99)
A.I mustn't B.I can't C.I needn't D.I won't
分析题意可知因为“我弟弟要来看我”,所以“不能留下”,因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A 项表示“禁止”;C项表示“不必要”;而D项表示“不会”,均不符合题意。故本题选B。又如:
—Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you _____.(MET'92)
A.might B.will C.can D.should (C)
11)—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They _____ be ready by 1200. (NMET'98)
A.can B.should C.might D.need
该题考查情态动词should的基本含义,分析句意可知本题应选B。又如:
The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things ____ happen to him.(上海'96)
A.might B.would C.should D. could 烠
12)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.(NMET'97)
A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to
该题考查了could和be able to的区别,二者都可表示过去时间的能力,但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was / were able to do,故本题选D。
13)—Shall I tell John about it?
—No, you ___.I've told him already. (NMET'94)
A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't
情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 “没有必要了”,故本题选A。
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