【例18】
There is an old proverb which goes that the grass is always greener on the other side of the valley. Under its simplified cover, a truth is ironically pointed out, that is, people are not contented with the already blessing situation. On the contrary, we always think that there are people around us who are much more fortunate than us. In fact this kind of opinion is very dangerous.
【分析】本段文字是关于成功是靠运气还是靠努力奋斗的文章开头，运用了引用法，段首句使用了句式④。
2.结尾的写法
文章的结尾一般篇幅不宜过长，但却也是决定文章成败的点睛之笔。面对堆积如山的试卷，阅卷老师的精力更多的是放在文章的开头、各段的过渡及文章的结尾。好的结尾，可以增添文章的效果和说服力，加深阅卷老师的印象。一篇文章的结尾是否能够产生最佳效果，关键是能否使用恰当的方法和优秀的句式有效地体现文章主题。
1)总结法
所谓总结法，就是通过文章前面的讨论分析引出一段总结性的言论，重申文章的中心思想或总结自己的观点，作为全文的结束。这是一种最常见的结尾方式，主要用于观点论证型作文和对比选择型作文。
【常用句式】
① Given the factors that I have just outlined, it is wise to support the statement that…
② From what has been discussed above/Judging from all evidence offered, we may safely/ undoubtedly draw/ come to/arrive at the conclusion that …
③ Taking into account all these factors/ In view of the above-mentioned facts,we should draw/ come to/arrive at the conclusion that…
④ All the available/ conclusive/ reliable/ striking evidence goes to show/ piles up to show that…
⑤ All the evidence/ analysis supports/ warrants an unmistakable/ fair conclusion that…
⑥ All the evidence/ analysis justifies/ confirms an unshakable/ sound view/ idea that…
⑦ All the available/ conclusive/ reliable/ striking evidence points to the fact/ lends support to the view that …
⑧ To sum up/ conclude,…/ The conclusion is self-evident.…
⑨ Weighing up these two arguments, I am for ….
⑩ Taking into account all these factors/ In view of the above-mentioned facts, I prefer …
【例19】
To conclude, smoking is nothing but evil as it is so harmful to people. All smokers should be taught of the great harm of smoking and be persuaded out of smoking. More importantly, we should protect our children from the harm of smoking through education.
【分析】本段文字是吸烟有害健康的文章结尾，运用了总结法，段首句使用了句式⑧。
2)后果法
所谓后果法，就是对所讨论的问题或现象可能会产生的后果做出预测或分析。这种后果可能是积极的，也可能是消极的，需根据文章主题而定。这种结尾方式主要适用于问题解决型作文和现象解释型作文。
【常用句式】
① Clearly/ Obviously/ No doubt, if we do not/ cannot…/ if we ignore/ are blind to…, there is every chance/ chances that…/ it is very likely that…
②Any person/ nation/ society who/ which ignores/ is blind to/ fails to learn… would pay a heavy price.
③ Fortunately, however, more and more people come to realize the importance of… and improvement si in near future.
④ If we work on… from now on, in foreseeable future, we will not be perplexed/ cursed/ overwhelmed by the same dilemma/ problem.
⑤ If we can solve the problem with no efforts spared, human being will not be caught/ stuck in the same conditions.
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