Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage rate in the United States — about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people — is 47 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is no longer as 48 as it was several decades ago.
The proportion of American adults who are married 49 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will 50 unmarried throughout their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some period in their lives. Experts 51 that about the same proportion of today’s young adults will eventually marry.
The timing of marriage has 52 consistently over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25 .The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time at an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. Besides, young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any 53 generation in U.S. history. Today’s later age of marriage is in line with the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a 54 proportion of the population was married (95 percent)during the 1950s than at any time before and after. Experts do not 55 on why the “marriage rush” of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a response to the return of peaceful life and 56 after 15 years of severe economic depression and war.
[A] declined [I] predict
[B] prosperity [J] larger
[C] varied [K] widespread
[D] remain [L] previous
[E]continued [M]number
[F] scarcely [N] agree
[G] focus [O] lower
[H] substantially
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise. The goal of basic research is understanding, for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell, the explosion of a spiral nebula(旋涡星云) or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two or more human beings come into contact with one another—the scope is staggering, but the commitment to truth is the same. If the commitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness of medicine.
Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industry — which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits quickly. The funds the U.S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic. Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, “Development will inevitably be undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasize upon pure science...tend to degrade the quality of the nations technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. ”
57. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is ______.
[A] Foundation Funds
[B] The importance of Basic Research
[C] The Attractiveness of Applied Research
[D] Basic Research vs. Applied Research
58. Industry is primarily interested in applied research because it ______.
[A] provides better understanding
[B] is frowned upon by the Foundation
[C] offers immediate profit
[D] drives out basic research
59. Basic research is vital because ______.
[A] it leads to results that can be appreciated
[B] it is driven out by applied research
[C] it provides the basis for scientific progress
[D] its results cannot be anticipated
60. It is implied but not stated in the passage that the federal government ______.
[A] encourages basic research
[B] devotes more than 90% of its research and development funds to applied research
[C] spends far more on applied research than on military problems
[D] opposes the Foundations grants to basic research
61. Less developed countries ______.
[A] spend little on research
[B] realize that progress depends on basic research
[C] encourage their career scientists to experiment
[D] devote less than 7% of their scientific budget to basic research
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile（爬行的）species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.
European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum，an expert in the environment and nature resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr. Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.
No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction, he went on. The shortsighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future. “We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems，on which any built-up area ultimately depends, ”Dr. Baum went on, “We could manage without most industrial products，but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass. ”
62. Recent studies by the Council of Europe show that ______.
[A] it is only in Britain that wildlife needs more protection
[B] certain species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting
[C] there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere
[D] all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out
63. Dr. Baum, a representative of the Council, visited one particular British
national park because ______.
[A] he was presenting the park with a diploma for its achievements
[B] he was concerned about how the park was being run
[C] it was the only national park of its kind in Europe
[D] it was the only park which had ever received a diploma from the Council
64. Although it is difficult nowadays to convince the public of the importance of
nature reserves, Dr. Baum felt that ______.
[A] people would support moves to create more environment areas
[B] certain areas of countryside should be left undisturbed by man
[C] existing national parks would need to be more independent to survive
[D] people would carry on supporting those national parks in existence
65. In Dr. Baum’s opinion, a true nature reserve should ______.
[A] be far away from urban-crowdedness
[B] prevent whatever tourists to visit
[C] be regarded as a place where nature is protected
[D] provide buildings for human activities
66. Although we all depend on the resources of nature for our survival, ______.
[A] industrial products are replacing all our natural resources
[B] it is only on islands that nature survives
[C] we have forgotten what our original countryside looked like
[D] we have allowed large areas of countryside to be spoilt by industrial development
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
There are more than forty universities in Britain — nearly twice as many as in 1960s. During the 1960s eight 67 new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created by 68 old colleges of technologies into universities. In the same period the 69 of students more than doubled, from 70,000 to more than 200,000. By 1973 about 10% of men 70 from eighteen to twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are 71 institutions. Each has its own governing councils, 72 some local businessmen and local politicians as 73 as a few academics. The state began to give 74 to them fifty years ago，and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its 75 from state grants. Students have to pay fees and living costs, 76 every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full 77 , including lodging and food unless his parents are 78 . Most students 79 jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not 80 do outside work during the 81 year. The Department of Education takes 82 for the payment which covers the whole 83 of the universities, but it does not exercise direct control. It can have an important influence 84 new developments through its power to 85 funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly 86 of academics.
67. [A] essentially [B] completely [C] remarkably [D] comparatively
68. [A] altering [B] transferring [C] converting [D] varying
69. [A] amount [B] quantity [C] population [D] number
70. [A] counted [B] aged [C] seemed [D] lived
71. [A] public [B] individual [C] private [D] personal
72. [A] including [B] consisting [C] making [D] taking
73. [A] good [B] long [C] little [D] well
74. [A] grants [B] pensions [C] revenues [D] degrees
75. [A] payments [B] charges [C] profits [D] funds
76. [A] and [B] but [C] or [D] so
77. [A] costs [B] prices [C] fees [D] fares
78. [A] poor [B] generous [C] kind-hearted [D] rich
79. [A] earn [B] take [C] derive [D] offer
80. [A] obviously [B] surprisingly [C] normally [D] particularly
81. [A] professional [B] intellectual [C] rational [D] academic
82. [A] responsibility [B] advice [C] duty [D] pleasure
93. [A] damages [B] waste [C] expenses [D] salaries
84. [A] over [B] to [C] on [D] for
85. [A] collect [B] contribute [C] distribute [D] gather
86. [A] consisted [B] composed [C] made [D] taken
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. She has got used to ____________(用吸管喝牛奶) though she is only two months old.
88. Depending on what you are looking for, you have to judge for yourself __________ (这些资料对你来说有多大的相关性).
89. Mary received unemployment compensation __________ (当她从工厂下岗后).
90. _________ (第一次也是最后一次) did I quarrel with my beloved parents.
91.True friendship foresees the needs of others _________ (而不是声明自己的需求)
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