Key to Model Test Four
Part I Writing
【写作思路】
要求写一篇关于宿舍生活的议论文。主要写宿舍生活与家庭生活的区别，以及宿舍生活的利与弊。
【参考范文】
Dormitory Life
For most university students, dormitory life is a new experience. Most students have never lived far away from their parents before coming to university. They have always had their parents to depend on for advice and guidance, and when they become university students, their lives begin to change。
There are striking difference between home life and dormitory life. Students must begin to be responsible for their own action. They must depend on themselves to get up in the morning on time for class, to eat properly, to keep their clothes and themselves clean, and to set aside an appropriate amount of time for study and relaxation. They must also learn to take care of their money, making sure to preserve enough for both necessities and for fun。
In general, there are both good and bad points about life in student-dormitory. Often, dormitory rooms are small and crowded. This lack of space can limit one’s privacy and make it difficult for students to concentrate on their studies. On the other hand, in a dormitory, students have a great deal more freedom than they might have at home. They can act according to their own will and desire than to that of parents。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
【全文翻译】
动物的运动
除了缺少剧情音乐之外，这看上去就像《大白鲨》影片中的一个场景：一条巨大的鲨鱼在水中慢慢地游着，尾巴就像时钟的钟摆一样来回地摆动。
突然，它敏感的皮肤神经末梢感受到了猎物游动时发出的震动。瞬间，它就变成一台高效致命的死亡机器。它绷紧肌肉，快速地在水中砍出一条通道。眨眼之间，它便用强有力的嘴巴咬住了它的猎物，一条大鱼。随后，它来回扭动着头，从猎物的身上撕下大块大块的肉，把它们吞了下去。很快地，猎食活动就结束了。
为了生存而移动
鲨鱼追逐猎物的过程以一种夸张的方式证明了移动(或者运动)对于动物的重要作用。
像鲨鱼一样，大部分的动物通过移动来发现食物。他们还利用移动来逃避敌人、寻找配偶、开拓新的 地盘。移动的方法包括：爬行、跳跃、滑行、飞行、飘浮或者漫步。
借助各种有助移动的发明，人类加强了其移动优势，可以再任何环境下移动。汽车、火箭、潜艇能把人类从深海运输到遥远的月亮。然而，对于其他的动物而言，移动来源于数百万年的进化。鲨鱼是其中最成功的例子。它能够以接近零的时间快速地捕获猎物，这给科学家们留下了深刻的印象。但是，经过仔细的研究，美国杜克大学的海洋生物学家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才发现了鲨鱼是如何做到这一点的。在研究中，科学家们对位于佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁海上乐园泳池中游泳的鲨鱼进行了观察。他们拍摄了鲨鱼的运动情况，对它们进行了分析，同时也对鲨鱼的皮肤和肌肉进行了研究。
皮肤是关键
生物学家们发现，鲨鱼的皮肤是使它们在水中高效游泳的关键。鲨鱼的皮肤中含有许多纤维，像子午线轮胎的内部一样交错在一起。这些纤维被称为胶原纤维。随着它们的放松或拉紧，这些纤维可以储存或释放大量的能量。当拉伸纤维时，纤维中蓄满了能量，就像绷紧的弓弦一样。能量被释放后，纤维就松弛了。
杜克大学的生物学家发现，最大拉伸发生在鲨鱼弯曲身体游泳的时候。当身体前后移动时，弯曲处外侧的纤维受到强烈的拉伸，大量的潜能被储存在纤维中。当鲨鱼朝另一个方向迅速掉头时，这种能量就被释放出来了。
随着能量在鲨鱼身体两侧交替地储存和释放，它的尾巴就像鞭子一样强烈地来回摆动。这种像皮鞭一样的动作促使鲨鱼像发射的子弹一样在水中穿来穿去。
能量的来源
是什么让纤维能存储如此多的能量呢？在追寻答案的过程中，杜克大学的科学家们发现，鲨鱼与子午线轮胎的相似性并不仅仅存在于皮肤上。正如子午线轮胎是由压力膨胀的一样，在鲨鱼胶原辐射处的下方也有一个膨胀区。但是，鲨鱼体内的压力可能来自于血液压缩胶原纤维而产生的压力，而不是来自于空气的压力。
当鲨鱼缓慢游动时，纤维内的压力相对较低。纤维比较松弛时，鲨鱼就能以锐角的角度弯身。在寻找食物或只是游动时，鲨鱼以这种方式进行移动。但是，当它发现重要的食物来源时，一些奇妙的变化就自动发生了。
鲨鱼内部的压力可能会增加10倍，胶原纤维在这种压力下剧烈拉伸，蓄积了大量的能量。
接着，这种能量被转移到尾巴上，鲨鱼快速运动起来，剩下的事情就可想而知了。
海豚是速度最快的纪录保持者
海豚是另一种快速的海洋动物，这种海洋哺乳动物的速度为每小时20英里。研究海豚的生物学家们发现，就像鲨鱼一样，海豚的快速游动可以追溯到其皮肤。海豚的皮肤是这样构成的：它对流过其身体的水流产生的阻力很小。通常情况下，当鱼或其他动物在水中缓慢游动时，水流会平稳地流过它们的身体。这种平稳的水流被称为层流。然而，当鱼快速移动时，其周围的水流就变得湍急起来。这种乱流使摩擦加大，降低了鱼的速度。
海豚的皮肤弹性很大，可以随着水波的波形而弯曲。实际上，水波是被卷进了海豚皮肤的皱褶处。这样，其余的水就以层流的方式从其身边平稳地流过。其他动物快速游动时，由于受到乱流的阻碍，其速度就降低了；但是，海豚却能够以破纪录的速度在水中快速穿行。
其他的低速动物
并不是所有的动物都能像鲨鱼和海豚一样快速地游动。在运动效率方面最大的输家可能是蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)。它看起来就像没有壳的蜗牛，其爬行过的地方会留下一条细细的踪迹。它要使用大量的能量制造粘滑的粘液，以便在其上爬行。移动同样的的距离，老鼠只需要其所耗费能量的十二分之一。
科学家们认为，由于蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)利用能量的效率很低，所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。换句话说，它们都被迫把自己束缚在很小的区域之中来搜寻食物和寻找合适的生活条件。人类曾经面临过这样的问题吗？
【答案解析】
1.【解析】［D］属同义转换题，本题是一种排除选择题。根据题干中的中心词“movement to do something”，可以将答案定位在小标题“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前两句话，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。该句与题干是一种同义转换，选项A、B和C在原文中均有提及，所以不是正确选项；答案D在原文没有提及，所以是正确答案。
2.【解析】［B］属细节推断题。题干考查汽车、火箭和潜艇的例子是为了说明什么，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是关键词，可以将答案定位在文章小标题“Moving to Survive”下第三段的前两句话，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”，第二句话所举例子正是为了说明第一句话的内容，这与B项意思一致，而其它选项在文中均未提及。
3.【解析】［A］属细节推断题。分析题干，本题考查鲨鱼在水中快速游动的关键是在什么。其中的“key”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句话，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water”，这与选项A完全一致，所以直接选择A即可。其它选项在文中均有提及，但是都不符合题干的要求。
4.【解析】［D］属细节推断题。题干中的“the Duke University scientists”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句话，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。这与选项D的内容完全一致，所以答案选D项，而其它选项原文均为提及，为干扰项。
5.【解析】［C］属细节推断题。题干中“a belted radial tire”是关键词，可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句话，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ‘radials’”。其中的“just as”和“so”正说明了两者的相似之处在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案应该是C。选项A和B是两者的不同之处，选项D在文中没有提及。
6.【解析】［A］属细节推断题。题干中的关键词是“a laminar flow”，所以可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根据该节第一段的倒数第三、四句话，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow。”。题干是对这两句话的改写，所以正确答案是A选项。其它三个选项的意思均不符合“a laminar flow”的定义，与题干要求不符。
7.【解析】［C］属同义转换题。题干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均为关键词，可以直接定位在小标题“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句话，“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。题干是对该句的同义改写，所以正确答案是C 12 times，其它选项均与原文内容不符。
8. 【解析】feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey鲨鱼靠感受猎物游动的震动来发现猎物。
9. 【解析】collagen fibers 在Skin Is the Key中，第二、三句话，The fibers are called collagen fibers。
10. 【解析】some fantastic involuntary changes 在Source of Energy中，第二段倒数第一句话就是本题答案。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. W:Oh, you are back. This is a pleasant surprise. It is not lunch time yet. Are you through work?
M:No, I forgot some papers this morning。
Q:Why did the man return home?
【解析】［D］这是一对夫妻的对话。妻子说：你回来啦，真是个惊喜，还没到午饭时间呢，你工作完了么？丈夫说：没有，我今早忘了带一些文件。可见，丈夫回家来是为了取些文件。本题需要间接推理。
12.M:Two ten-cent stamps and four eight-cent stamps, please。
W:Here you are. That will be fifty- two cents。
Q:Where did this conversation most probably take place?
【解析】［D］关键词在于听出stamps邮票。男士说：我要两张十分的邮票和四张八分的邮票。女士说：给你，一共52美分。显然，这是在邮局买邮票时发生的一段对话。
13.M:You said the paper you’ve just finished fell on the floor, but I can’t find it。
W:Look under the desk, back in the corner。
Q:What does the woman mean?
【解析】［C］男士说：你说你刚完成的论文掉地上了，但我没找到。女士说：看看桌子下面，后面的角落。因此，女士的意思是要他在桌子下面再仔细找找。
14. M:The train is late. When will it arrive?
W:They say it’s late for 25 minutes, so it should be here at 11: 46.
Q: When will the train arrive?
【解析】［C］本题中女士提到火车晚点25分钟是个干扰项，她说的后半句话即是答案so it should be here at 11: 46。
15. M:I would like to move to the suburbs, but I don’t have enough money to pay the high taxis。
W:I wish you could. It’s nice to live there。
Q:Why isn’t the man moving to the suburbs?
【解析】［D］本题为推理题，对话中没有直接给出答案，需要推理。男士说：我很想住郊区，但我没那么多钱付高额的打的费。打的费高只能是因为郊区离工作的地点太远的缘故。
16.W:Jack, would you like to go to the club with us tomorrow night?
M:I wish I could, but I have to work on my term paper。
Q:Is Jack going to the club?
【解析】［A］女士问：杰克，明天晚上跟我们一起去俱乐部吧？男士说：我很想去，但是我必须写我的学期论文。由此可见，杰克是不会去俱乐部的。
17. M:Think it over carefully, you must have left it somewhere。
W:But the problem is that I have to have it now. I need it to use my car, and when I get home, to open the door。
Q: What happened to the woman?
【解析】［B］对话中的女士丢了钥匙，但是对话里却没出现钥匙keys这一词。男士说：仔细想想，你一定把它落在哪儿了。女士说：问题是我现在需要用它，我要用它来开车，回家后还要用它开门。那她丢的一定是钥匙了。
18. W:Werent you nervous when the professor called on you in class?
M:Id say I was shaking all over。
Q:How did the man feel when he was called on?
【解析】［A］女士问：当教授在班上点到你的时候你不紧张吗？男士说：我浑身都在抖。shaking all over说明男士非常担忧和害怕。
Now you’ll hear two long conversations。
Conversation One
W:Let’s go in here and order some coffee while we look at your pictures。
M:Good idea. We’d both like coffee, please. OK, here’s one of Ed’s, my roommate. I took this picture right after we had arrived at the school this fall. We had just met, in fact. And this was our room of the dormitory while we were unpacking all our things. What a mess!
W:You certainly had a lot of boxes. How did you ever find room for everything?
M: In the beginning we thought we’d never get all arranged but now we are very comfortable. Lucky for me, Ed keeps his things neat。
W:Do you like living in the dormitory?
M:It’s not bad. Sometimes Ed turns his radio up too loud and makes too much noise. Then I get angry. Sometimes I leave my books lying around and he gets angry. But usually we get along. Here’s a picture of him taken when we went to visit my family during vacation。
W:And this last one?
M:That’s my dog Spot。
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard。
19.Where is this conversation most probably taking place?
【解析】［B］从女士的话Let’s go in here and order some coffee中可以得出答案。snack bar意思是小吃店。四个选项中只有可能在小吃店里喝咖啡，因此选择B项。
20. Who is Ed?
【解析】［B］从对话中可直接听出答案，here’s one of Ed’s, my roommate，这一张是Ed的照片，我的室友。由此可见Ed是男士的室友。
21. Why does the man sometimes get angry at Ed?
【解析】［A］本题亦可在对话中直接听出答案Ed turns his radio up too loud and makes too much noise. Then I get angry. 由于Ed制造太多噪音，男士对此非常生气。
22. What did Ed do during vacation?
【解析】［D］最后一张Ed的照片是拍摄于假期他去我家玩儿的时候。由此可见，Ed假期时去了男士的家。
Conversation Two
M:Do you know what happened to me today? I was so embarrassed。
W:What?
M: Well, Dr. Brown’s class finished 10 minutes early, so I went to the library between classes. I knew I didn’t have much time, but I wanted to get these books on the Industrial Revolution. I looked them up in the card catalogue and went right to the stack and found them. So I put them in my bookbag and headed back towards the door. Then it happened. The exit gate in front of the door wouldn’t open, and the guard immediately warned me that I hadn’t checked out my books. He thought I was trying to steal them。
W:That must’ve been embarrassing. But why didnt the exit gate open?
M: I asked them that. It seems that the books in the library are all magnetically coded, and when you check them out, the librarian behind the desk demagnetizes them, then the exit gate will open。
W:How interesting! I still don’t quite understand how they do it, though. I’ll have to go to the library and see it for myself。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have heard。
23.Why did the man decide to go to the library?
【解析】［A］布朗教授的课提前十分钟下课了，因此我决定在课间去趟图书馆。Dr. Brown’s class finished 10 minutes early, so I went to the library between classes。
24. After getting the books, what did the man do?
【解析】［D］男生拿到书之后直接把书塞到书包里了So I put them in my bookbag and headed back towards the door。从这句话中可得出答案。
25.According to the man, what happens to all the books in the library?
【解析】［B］从男生的话中可看出图书馆里的所有书都经过特殊编码了。It seems that the books in the library are all magnetically coded。
责任编辑：sealion1986
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