3.D.问题问“二十世纪七十年代发生了什么?”利用问题句中的特征词1970s作为答案线索， 在文章第3段中找到答案相关句 “Clean your plate and!” “Be a member of the
According to news reports，US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies.A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government，according to a USA Today story4.(第2题答案相关句)Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that.They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls，a nutrition(营养学) professor(教授) at Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州大学), told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes(尺寸，大小) began to (开始)grow(增长， 增加) in the 1970s，the same time that the American waistline (选项D中的细节信息词)began to expand(扩大).
答案相关句说“一位滨洲大学营养学教授Barbara Rolls告诉《今日美国》二十世纪七十年代饭馆给的饭菜量开始增加，与此同时，美国人的腰围也开始增大”， 因此选项D正确。
4.A.问题问“调查报告说明了什么?”利用问题句中的核心词survey作为答案线索， 被选项中出现了大量可以用作答案线索的结构: A: many poor Americans, B: twenty percent Americans, C: fifty percent Americans, $ 150,000， D：twenty three percent Americans, $ 25,000，利用这些结构共同作为答案线索， 在文章中找到答案相关句(在第4段)
(第3题的答案相关句) Barbara Rolls，a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion Sizes began to grow in the 1970s，the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions.Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4，000 people surveyed(被调查的) (问题句中的线索词)believe(相信) restaurants serve(提供) portions that are too large(大的);23 percent had no opinion(意见， 主张);20 percent disagreed(不同意).But a closer(更靠近的，更仔细的) look at the survey (问题句中的线索词) indicates(显示) that many Americans who can′t afford(买不得起...) fine (精美的)dining (食物， 吃饭)still prefer(更喜欢) large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150，000 per year prefer smaller portions;but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25，000 want smaller.
选项A (许多美国穷人希望食物量大)是答案， 选项A与第4段中的句子意义一致：But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining (与many poor Americans呼应)still prefer large portions(但是如果再仔细看看调查结果，你就会发现很多买不起精美菜肴的美国人还是喜欢大分量的食物).
5.C. 问题问“下面哪种说法不符合美国工人的实际情况?”利用问题句中的细节信息结构working class Americans(美国工人)作为答案线索，同时利用被选项中的黑体结构(洗洁信息结构)共同作为答案线索， 在最后一段的第一句中找到答案相关句，
It′s not that(不是...) working class Americans don′t want to eat healthy.It′s just that，after long hours (选项A中的线索结构)at low-paying jobs(与选项A内容一致)，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck(选项B中的线索结构)(与选项B内容一致)，happy(高兴的) to save(存储) a little money (选项D中的线索结构)for next year(下一年)'s Christmas(圣诞节) presents(礼物).
最后一段的第一句说“美国工人并不是不愿意拥有健康的饮食”， 因此C(他们不想拥有健康的饮食)是答案。
第2篇
The only way is up
Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cites, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift – or elecator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would juts be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to the that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us – and you just can’t choose to move away.”says workplace psychologist, Gray Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes
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