peculiar==strange
penetrate=enter
periodically = from time to time
perceptible = noticeable=appreciable
prevailing = dominant
property=characteristic=quality品质，性质
revival 复兴，复活= restoration 恢复
scented 有香味的= fragrant
segment＝portion
slight=small
stem滋生=arise
stimulate=cause
substantial = significant = considerable = essential
surpassed超越的 = superior
vigorous=energetic
while=although
(while有三个意思：when, whereas, although)
Appreciable 可感知的，值得重视的 ==Noticeable 值得注意的，显而易见的
Antiseptic消过毒的，杀菌的 ==Clean
Abort中止， 中断==Quit
Abandoned==Left （原形leave有“遗弃”的意思）
Absorb==Take in 吸收
Abundant==Plentiful
Broadly==Extensively
Bulk==Great quantity
Battle==Struggle
Blossom开花，兴旺==Flourish
Cargo==Shipment
Chaotic==Disorganized
Comprising==Forming
Covered==Included
Consume==Eat up
Completely==Totally
Complicated==Complex
Converted into==Changed into
Cardinal主要的；北美红雀==Fundamental
Conserve==Save
Devise=Create
Dissuade==Discourage
Discarded==Threw up
Dispensable == not necessary
Enable==Allow
Expend==Use
Estimation==Evaluation
Extended==Stretched
Emergence==Appearance
Enrich==Enhance
Ensue跟着发生==Result
Ensure==Guarantee
Enlist征募，谋取==Obtain
Eradicate根除==Remove completely
Explicitly==Clear
Fluctuation==Variation
Function==Utility
Fund==Money
Groundless=Unfounded 没有理由的
Havoc严重破坏==destruct
Incorporate==Merge
Inherent固有的==Character of
Insufficient==Inadequate
Leisure==Free time
Largely==Mostly
Lucrative==Profitable
Launch启动，发起；发射==Initiate
Linked==Connected
Merely==Simply
Misleading==Inaccurate
Manifest==Reveal
Note==Record
Omit == Neglect
Perilous==Dangerous
Preceded==Came before
Peak==time of the greatest period
Protrude == Stick out 伸出
Patch 斑点；碎片==Spot
Precision==Accuracy
Peril==Danger
Pronounced 显著的，明确的==Definite 明确的
Rate坚定等级，估价==Classify 分类，分等
Rival==Compete
Readily==Easily
Render致使， 造成； 给予，呈递==Make
Refuse==Garbage
Resident==Inhabitant
Rigorous==Harsh
Reinforce==Strengthen
Scant缺乏的，不足的==Minimal
Short stride==Short steps
Span跨度，跨越的时间==Period
Significantly==Considerably
Surmise猜测==Guess
Staunch坚定的==Strong
Scope范围==Extent
Substantial实质的； 丰富的==Essential
Sink==Drop to the bottom
Serene平静的==Calm
Surmise==Assumption
Suited==Appropriated
Swiftly==Quickly
Sole == unique
Shrink === contract
Toil 苦干==Work
Terrain == Tract
Technique==Method
Transformation==Change
Therefore==Consequently
Uniform == Consistent
Vital==Essential
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
ineffective=without result，
liberal宽大的，慷慨的，自由主义的=extensive
Component=constituent 组分， 要素
Typical=ordinary
feast 宴会—eating,
vehicle方法，车辆—method
nearly---almost
surplus---extra
uniformly=consistently
radically根本地=completely
lucrative有利的=profitable
flourishing = prospered
proximity to =close to
leisurely从容不迫地= slowly
innovative=new
eradicate根除= completely moved
exaggerate = overstated
agile 敏捷的= move and act quickly
delicate = dainty
infirm--weak
therefore =consequently
shrink = contract 收缩
vital = essential
eradicate= removed completely
phenomenal异常的/非凡的；现象的/显著的==extraordinary
become extinct = die out
initially=originally
conspicuous显著的 = notable
perpetual永久的= constant不变的，持续的
reputation ＝ fame
obscure 模糊的＝ not clear
misunderstanding ＝ wrong idea
consecutive连续的=successive
suspect=doubt
immense=great
pigmentation染色=coloring
collide with == run into
Article项目，物品 = items
ornament装饰 = decorate
Maximum = the greatest size
revenues 税收= income
demise死亡=extinct
Certain=specified 指定的
myriad 无数的=innumerable
solo单独的=only
essential=crucial 至关重要的
perilous=dangerous
moreover=in addition
Tempting诱惑人的=appealing 吸引人的；恳求的
mundane 世俗的，平凡的 = ordinary
substitute代替 = replace
paradoxically=seemingly contradictory
stimulate = prompt 促使
Cargo船货；货船 = shipment 装船，装载的货物
traverse横贯 = cross
cope 应付，处理 = deal
predominantly = mainly
route--path
Abundant =plentiful
account叙述，故事=description
accommodate供给，容纳=provide for
Altered-changed
Ancient times=antique
ancient=old,
antiseptic 完全干净的，无菌的=clean
archive（v.收集，存档）= stock
article （物品）=object
cardinal （极重要的；深红色的）=fundamental
celebrated=famous
collaborate=cooperate;
comprising=forming （comprise 由。。。组成， 包含）
consequence （结果；重要性） =significance;
constantly =always
constellation（群集；星群）=collection
conviction（深信；定罪）=strong belief
deluxe豪华的=lavish
devoid of = without
disassembled 分解，解开=broke apart
dual 双的=double
elaborate 精心制作的， 精细的= detailed
element因素，气候因素=weather condition
eliminate消除=remove （笔试中曾有 extract （提取，榨出）= remove）
Emergence出现==Appearance;
Emergency紧急情况=crisis
eventual=later
evoke （引起， 唤醒）= promote
far-reaching（深远的，广大的）=extensive,
flourish繁茂的=thriving,
harness=utilize
inaccessible=unreachable
Incorporate（合并，混合）=include
juncture 结合点=connection
originally=at the first
Perilous==Dangerous
Pertinent=relevant;
posit假设= assume
Readily=easily
rendering表现=presentation
risky=dangerous
rival=compete 竞争
role=function
serene平静的=calm
shift=change
shiver=tremor颤抖， 震动
sole=only
sporadic时有时无的，零星的 = irregular
suited=appropriated
Surmise=guess
sustenance食物，生计=food
Swiftly==Quickly
tailspin混乱＝total confusion
terminal=final
vast=immense
albeit虽然= although
locale（现场，场所）= place
indispensable绝对必要的= essential/ necessary
rival = compete 对手，竞争者
groundwork 基础，地基；基本原理 =foundation, basis , base
relatively= comparatively
alarm = warning
immobility 固定，静止=fixed
constantly 经常的，不断的=always
reveal = manifest / show
hold (把握， 坚持， 持有，支持)=support
groundless = unfounded 无根据的
remnant = remaining 残余
Lucrative有利的；赚钱的 =Profitable
traverse＝cross横过, 穿过, 经过
crushed=ground(grind) 碾碎了的,打碎了的
elapsed=passed, 过去的,经过的
encourage=stimulate 激励，刺激
toxic=poisonous 有毒的
isolated 隔离的= separated 分开的
assertion断言，主张==strong statement
discernible可辨别的==discriminating识别的, 有差别的
protrude突出 = stick out伸出
apart from==except for （apart from 兼有except 和besides 两个意思， 由上下文决定）
surplus剩余==excess 过剩
rise出现,上升=emerge
cherish=valued珍爱；爱惜
modest = limited有节制的
asset优点， 资产= advantage
thoroughly =completely 十分地,完全地,彻底的
mask =cover遮避掩护
counsel忠告=advise
incursion=invasion 入侵
disintegrate = fall apart 分解
exceed =beyond above超越, 胜过
vivid=bright 鲜明的
fundamental=basic 基础的
listening 注意的,收听的 =advertent =attendant =attentive =observing =watchful
option=choice 选项,选择
imprecise = inexact 不准确
simultaneously =at the same time 同时地
extend= Stretch
Vast = extended 辽阔的
unadorned =not decorative未装饰的
ample= plentiful 充足的,丰富的 = spacious 宽敞的
depict=portray 描写,描绘
piecing=joining 连接物
Consequence==result 结果
postulate= presume= hypotheses 假定
discernible = noticeable 可辨别的
chronic慢性的=confirmed（慢性的，证实的）
ambivalent 矛盾的= mixed
virtually==nearly
in respect to : in term of 关于
in respect to = in respect of= respecting=with respect to
（也就是说respect 这些词组都是关于的意思）
With respect to = in regard to 关于
In respect to = in terms of 就。。。来说
article（项目，条款）= item
liberal宽大的，自由主义的= extensive；
ornamentation = decoration 装饰的
tie 关系， 连接 = connection
relative=comparative 比较的
endeavor=enterprise努力
so far=until present 目前为止
ground=reason 理由，原因
staunch坚定的= strong 坚固的
mandatory命令的,强制的=required
excavate挖掘=dig
moreover=in addition 此外
monotone单调的=tedious乏味的
nevertheless=however;
agile敏捷的=quick and active
priority优先=ranking preference
consider=think about
delicate=dainty精美的
bulk大多数， 大批=majority
utilitarian功利的=functional
spawn产卵，产生=produce
narrow=limit
precede领先， 在。。。之前 == beyond 超过， 超越
virtually = almost = nearly
roam（漫游，徘徊）=wander
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chaotic 混乱的=disorganized 无组织的
constraints=restriction 限制
penetrate=enter 进入
preserve=save=retain 保存
range (vi. 变化)=vary
scope=extent 范围
spot=catch
function=utility
equilibrium平衡=balance
Peak = highest point
illusion=impression?
innovative=new
primarily=mainly
dilute冲淡=reduce;
regulate控制，调节=control
specific = particular
peculiar = strange
assistance=help
regardless =without considering
clear=visible
save for=except for
task=work
imposing令人难忘的= impressive
Manifest= reveal
comprehensive=understandable
restricted= limited
antithesis对立面= opposite
derive得自= arise 起因于
consequence= importance/ significance
drastic=extreme
pertinent = relevant
abundant==numerous
foster抚育，鼓励==encourage
spot认出，看到==see
Arid—dry
Confront面对—face
rare---scarce;
incorporating---including (不确定)
inflate膨胀---expand；
flourish---prosperous = thriving
discharge=release
burgeon迅速成长，发芽=expand
refine=improve
ensue继起，随着发生==result 以。。。为结果，发生了
enhance = intensify
potential - possible
Refuse垃圾---Garbage
float upward -- rise
needless to say=obvious (注意：选项中not to say迷惑了一批人)
added=extra
anchor=hold in a place
abstract = not concrete
Advance = improvement
accomplished = achieved
Admit (permit to enter) =let in
Adjusted = modified (adjusted adj.调整过的 )
Annually = yearly
avenue (大路，手段方法) = means = vehicle (传播手段，车辆)
advent--introduce
a matter of speculation--supposition(speculation的同义词)
accumulate-- collect
appeal--attraction
attachment to --preference for
array=range (array n.排列, 编队, 军队, 衣服, 大批 vt.部署, 穿着, 排列)
attendant-- accompanying
afford--provide
available--obtainable
apparent--obvious
beckon = invite
beckoning (引诱人的, 令人心动的)=inviting
breed = reproduce (breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养n.品种, 种类 )
brilliant--bright
boost --raise
boom--expansion
beneficial--advantageous
constant = stable
counter of = in the opposition of
continual = constant
consistently= regularly
counter of = in the opposite of
critical --essential
chisel==carve
classic--typical
close--careful
couple--associate
commemorate--celebrate
correspondence 一致 = harmonies
confine--limit
camouflage--hide
constituent--component
counterpart --version
consequently--therefore / thus
convert--transform
demand=need
detrimental = harmful
durable=lasting
detractor n.诽谤者, 恶意批评者 = critic
diffuse = travel
distinguish = notice from the difference
Distribute = spread
devoted to--concentrated on
disturb-upset
debate--argue
daring -- bold
dispute--argument
dangle--hang
diversity--varied
evoke=stimulate
engage=involve
exceeded = surpassed
employ=use
exceedingly -- extremely
endangered ( 将要绝种的) = not abundant
Entail(使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担)= involve (使卷入使牵连，使参与)
Erratic (不稳定的，古怪的) = irregular
Evenly(evenly adv.均匀地, 平坦地 ) = equally?
exhibit (n. v. 展示，陈列)= feature
expand = increase
express = communicate
Extraneous ( 无关紧要的，外来的) = inessential, from outside
expressed--communicated
(e.g. some concerns about forest are expressed till early 1900.)
establishment--formation
enclosure--surrounding
ease --- facilitate
era--period
embedded--encased
expose to--subject to
expanse区域--area
expand = increase
for instance=for example
forage==feed
flourishing--thriving
fragment--break up
gap 缺口 ， 裂口 = opening
Given = particular
hence =therefore
harsh =drastic
hazard=danger
haul (拖拉, 拖运 )= pull
Heightening (提高，升高) = increasing
hide = conceal
Hub 中心=center
host of大量 --great number
hamper--make difficulty
heed--notice
hold--keep up
heighten--increase
indigenous本土的----native
incorporable （adj.可结合的, 可包含的）= included
immediately = closest( 说类人猿是人类最近的进化祖先)
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Instant (adj. N. 片刻，瞬间) = moment
Invariably = always
initiate =begin;
in spite of that : HOWEVER?/font>
In quantity--in a large amount of
inauspicious--unfavorable
intimidating 威吓, 胁迫
incidental--minor point
incoherently 无条理的
incorporate--include
ingenuity-- resourcefulness
ingenious adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的, 具有创造才能
inhibit Chinder
invade -- move into
invaluable--highly useful
jeopardy=threaten
Judge (判断，评价) = estimate
jolting --shocking
key--significant
landscape=scenery
luxuriant=thriving
launch = start
lack--without
linked--connected
maintain-continue
moreover=in addition
matter = issue
mask = disguise伪装
"milestone"---significant events
Moreover-additionally
monopolize --dominate
motif--pattern
monitored--observed
minutely详细地, 精密地--finely
minute --tiny
minuscule--tiny
modification--alteration
milestone--significant development
monotonous--boring
nature--character
notwithstanding --despite
note--record
outbreak = sudden increase
obscure=conceal
occasion-event
obtain --acquire
prosperous--wealthy,
premise = assumption
parcel out= distribute
procurement= obtain
prohibited = extremely (e.g. prohibited high cost)
pare away --- remove
Pinnacle = high point
Pledge (保证, 誓言) = Promise
practically (几乎，差不多) = nearly
Premise 前提 v. 假设 =assume
Previous = Past
Primitive (原始的，早期的，朴实无华的) = early
Principal = dominant
principle -- rule
principal--main
procure ( 获得，取得 acquire, obtain/ 实现，完成 = bring about, effect, procure a solution)
proximity--closeness
procurement--obtain
pore--hole
prior ----- previous
predicament: difficult situation
predicament--serious situation
protruding--projecting
potential--possible
presumable--probably
primary--dominant
previously--before
pose==present
radical (基础的，根本的) = fundamental
radical (激进的)= drastic
Rather than = instead of
Remedy (治疗)= cure,
rigorous ?/span>= demanding
Rival = competitor
ramification 结果, 衍生物--consequence;
ramification 分支--branch
remarkable--incredible
revolution—dramatic change
rigorous--demanding.
refreshing--unusual
relevant adj.有关的, 相应的
rupture--burst
radical--extreme
remote--far away
spontaneous = unplanned
sacred = holy
subject to = vulnerable to
susceptible to = prone to
succession----series
sparse --- not rich
scrap=fragment
set in motion(e.g. set the plan in motion) ?/span>= start
Severe = harsh
Simultaneous (同时发生的)= at the same time
Solicit = request (solicit v.恳求 ，请求)
Specified (详细说明) = stated
sturdy = strong
subsequent (后来的，随后的) = later
supplant = replace, substitute
stem from --- grow out of
staple--important
soaked--absorbed
split--divided
scorching--exceedingly hot
site--location
singularly--particularly
spur--stimulus
sumptuous--luxurious
shield--protect
significant-- meaningful
spawn--create
spot--identify
snap--break
shy away from--avoid
tangible---physical, material
tracts (of land) = area
Transfer = move
tricky (狡猾的，棘手的)---difficult
tendency==inclination
teemed with--were full of
Underlying在下面的, 隐含的= inner
underpinning (基础, 支柱, 支撑) = support, foundation
utilitarian = functional ?/span>(utilitarian adj.功利的, 实利的, 功利主义的 n.功利论者 )
unqualified(无限制的，无条件的；不合格的) =complete
（e.g. unqualified agreement 完全同意）
universally--without exception
unrestricted--unlimited
undergone--experienced
vigorous = strong
vast--immense , great
variability==tendency to change
withstand=resist
whatever --in any case
wary--cautious
way station--stop
yield--provide
责任编辑：虫虫
