30. Which of the following statements does the author support?
A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.
B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.
C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.
D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.(D)
这篇文章讲的是何种专业在人才市场上更受青睐的问题。到底什么样的人才更受青睐呢?文章实际上讲了两个观点，前两段论述了第一个观点，即“专家”更受青睐;后面的三段又提出了与此相反的观点，“杂家”更受青睐。观点之所以不同，是因为它们的前提条件不同。
先来看第一个观点。第一句可以说开宗明义：the best route to a job is to get specialized training，最好的办法是练就专业技能。而后作者提出了论据——最近一项调查结果显示，商务类和医疗保健类的毕业生很受公司青睐(companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care)。
下一段举出了更多的例子。That’s especially true of booming fields，这里的fields应该和第一段的fields所指相同，都是指学生的专业。急速发展的领域更是炙手可热，一个酒店管理学院的本科毕业生平均可以接到五到六个职位邀请(get an average of four or five job offers)，同时有大量的升职机会。
接下来，作者笔锋一转，提出了一个反面观点，too much specialization doesn’t pay off(pay off词组指“得到回报”)。而观点不同的关键在于条件，第二个观点是in the long run，即从长远来看。作者首先以商务领域为例，指出MBA过剩使得这一学历不再是职业通行证(no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval)。
下一段介绍了密歇根州的Scheetz的说法，继续支持第二个观点。Scheetz认为，尽管现在的公司在招新人时依然倾向于招收“专家”(tend to take on specialists as new hires)，但在中上层管理职位上更倾向于“杂家”(generalists for middle and upper-level management)。原因是专家的眼光局限于具体细节，难以从大局考虑(constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture)。
如果这篇材料是写给高中生们的，那么最后一段可以算是大学专业报考指南。This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate：这似乎是在正面肯定文科毕业生。那么文科生有什么优势呢?写作、交流能力、组织技巧、开放的头脑、适应性、分析和解决问题的能力(writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems)。作者又引出另一位人士David Birch把文科生大夸了一番，最后以Scheetz的中庸观点收场：文科学历加上专业技能(liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training)将是市场的宠儿。
26. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?
A) Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities.
B) People with an MBA degree from top universities.
C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.
D) People with special training in engineering.
本题问哪些人在人才市场上需求量颇高。
这道题的考查的内容涉及全篇材料，必须根据每一个选项所描述的特点，在文章中找到相应的内容，对比之后排除错误选项。(C)
A，人文学科的本科毕业生。Humanities，人文学科，可以认为是文章后几段所说的liberal-arts，但这些专业的人在是从长远角度看(in the long run)，易进入中高层职位(for middle and upper-level management)，而不是本科毕业生。
B，拥有顶尖大学MBA学位的人。第三段提到MBA学位no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval，说明MBA学位已经并不火爆了。
C，经过正规学校教育同时拥有工作经验的人。第二段最后一句是Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience，这里提到经过正规学校教育同时拥有工作经验的人受到了大公司的青睐，符合题意。
D，在工程学方面拥有专业技能的人。最后一段说明文科生的特点有利于找工作，其中提到工程人才：David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree，意思是此人绝不雇用MBA或是工程学毕业生。这说明工程学人才并不火爆。
27. By saying “... but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Line 3, Para, 3), the author means ________.
A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation
B) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions
C) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are now
D) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got(B)
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