2010年考研英语语法重点考点及难点解析:从句之定语从句-考研-优易学

2010年考研英语语法重点考点及难点解析:从句之定语从句

来源：优易学 2011-7-31 11:14:47 【优易学：中国教育考试第一门户】资料下载学历书店

　【参考译文】霍夫斯塔说我们国家的教育体系控制在这样一些人手中——他们“得意并挑衅地宣称他们对智商的敌视，以及他们认同那些在智商方面最没有希望的孩子们。”
　　【真题例句】I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his
　　 primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)
　　 way about moral problems。(2006-46)
　　【结构分析】本句是复合句。主句为I shall define him as an individual…。定语从句who has elected as…(直到句末)用来修饰先行词individual，关系代词who在从句中指代先行词作主语。在该定语从句中，我们注意到构成“elect…as…”的结构，在此句中翻译为“选择……作为……”。
　　【参考译文】我将他(知识分子)定义为这种个体：用苏格拉底式的方式思考道德问题，并将此作为自己人生的首要责任和乐趣。
　　【真题例句】His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept
　　 the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of
　　 reasoning which led him to his decision. (2006-47)
　　【结构分析】本句是复合句。主干为一个系表结构His function is analogous to that of a judge，逗号后who引导的非限制性定语从句who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning…修饰先行词judge。在此从句中，宾语obligation后的定语由介宾结构of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning…充当。此介宾短语比较复杂，正常语序应为revealing the course of reasoning in a manner as obvious as possible，这里as obvious as possible作状语，在原句中以分隔结构出现。句末reasoning 由which引导的定语从句which led him to his decision修饰，which在从句中指代reasoning作主语。
　　【参考译文】知识分子(参见前文)的作用与法官相似，他必须尽义务用尽可能清楚的方式解释自己作出结论的推理过程。
　　【真题例句】Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created
　　 equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,
　　 overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will。(2008阅读4)
　　【结构分析】本句主干为Washington overcame the strong opposition…。两个逗号间为who引导的非限制性定语从句，以分隔结构出现，修饰主语Washington。该从句中，believe的宾语由名词性从句that all men were created equal after…充当，句末的不定式结构 to grant his slaves their freedom in his will作整个句子的状语。
　　【参考译文】在看到独立战争中黑人士兵的英勇表现并开始相信人人生而平等后，华盛顿克服了亲属的强烈反对，按照自己的意愿，让他的奴隶们获得了自由。
　　 (2)关系代词指人并构成介词短语，介词提前时，只用whom。
　　【真题例句】On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that
　　 the assistedsuicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。(2002阅读4)
　　【结构分析】去掉句首介宾，本句主干为many acknowledge that…，其中acknowledge的宾语由宾语从句that the assistedsuicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients充当。在此宾语从句中，定语从句for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying修饰先行词patients，由于介词for提前，关系代词使用宾格whom，指代patients与for连接使用作从句中的状语，翻译为“对……而言”。
　　【参考译文】在另一层面，很多医学界的人承认，协助自杀争议部分是由于病人极度绝望引起的，对他们而言，现代医学延长了他们死亡前的肉体痛苦。