【参考译文】科学家需要对动物权利的倡导者作出有力的反击，因为他们的观点正在迷惑公众，阻碍了健康医疗的发展。
【真题例句】This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own。(2005英译汉)
【结构分析】本句主干清晰，是一个主谓宾结构This entails reducing our dependence…，其中介词短语on the North American作dependence的后置定语。逗号后whose引导非限制性定语从句whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions，修饰先行词North American market，whose作programs的定语，同时指代先行词“North American market”。在该定语中，relate to的宾语experiences and cultural traditions由定语从句which are different from our own修饰，关系代词which在从句中指代先行词experiences and cultural traditions作主语。
【参考译文】这就意味着要减少对北美市场的依赖，因为他们的节目里包含不同于我们的经历和文化传统。
8。关系代词as引导的定语从句，译为“像……那样”。
【真题例句】Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. (2009阅读4)
【结构分析】本句主干在两个逗号之间，为一个比较结构many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s。as引导非限制性定语从句as one clergyman learned…as在从句中作learned的宾语，后又包含一个who引导的定语从句who mocked that…修饰clergyman，关系代词who在从句中作主语，谓语动词mocked后的宾语从句由that引导的从句充当。
【参考译文】与此同时，与戴恩相比，许多定居者并没有那么虔诚，就像一位牧师在遇到海边的人时听到的那样，那些人嘲弄说他们不是为了宗教来到新大陆的。
9。长难句中经常同时包含多个定语从句
【真题例句】Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. (2003-62)
【结构分析】我们先注意到第一个that，只是branch前的修饰语，不引导从句。得到主干，一个主系表结构——Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry。关系代词which引导定语从句which seeks to study humans and their endeavors…，which指代先行词enquiry在从句中作主语。介词短语in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that…作方式状语，其中定语从句that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena修饰先行词manner，关系代词that在从句中指代先行词作use的宾语。在翻译时，为避免定语部分过长，我们将which从句转译为并列结构，将that从句转译为状语。
【参考译文】斯特福德公司的简报不同于华盛顿通常的反反复复——政府各部门借这种反反复复来避免作出激动人心的声明，因为他们这些声明可能会出错。
【真题例句】The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living。(2006英译汉)
【结构分析】本句的主干在句首，为The definition also excludes the majority of teachers，逗号后为介词despite构成的短语作状语。其中that引导同位语从句that teaching has traditionally been the method…解释说明fact的具体内容。在此同位语从句中，whereby引导定语从句whereby many intellectuals earn their living，相当于by + 先行词method，在从句中作方式状语，我们理解为“借此手段”。
【参考译文】这一定义也把大多数教师排除在外，尽管事实是——按传统看来，教学一直是许多知识分子谋生的手段。
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