2010年考研英语语法重点考点及难点解析:从句之定语从句-考研-优易学

2010年考研英语语法重点考点及难点解析:从句之定语从句

来源：优易学 2011-7-31 11:14:47 【优易学：中国教育考试第一门户】资料下载学历书店

　　【参考译文】不少医生似乎对病人所遭受的毫无必要的、可预见的痛苦无动于衷，甚至达到了“蓄意虐待病人”的程度。
　　【真题例句】Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promise in return to
　　 abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. (2007完形)
　　【结构分析】本句的两个谓语had received aid…和had promise in return to…由and并列。在第二个谓语中，地点状语 in the areas…后跟省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句he liberated，关系代词在从句中指代areas作liberated的宾语。
　　【参考译文】玻利瓦尔得到海地的援助，作为回报，他承诺在自己解放的地区废除奴隶制。
　　【真题例句】Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things
　　 they’ve apparently learned is when to stop。(2009完形)
　　【结构分析】本句包含and并列的两个分句。在第二个分句中，主干为one of the things is when to stop。主语things由省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句they’ve apparently learned所修饰，关系代词指代things在从句中作learn的宾语。注意is后的表语使用了when+to+do形式。
　　【参考译文】许多其他的物种也有学习能力，很显然他们学到的东西之一就是知道何时停止。
　　【真题例句】Instead of casting a wistful glance backward at
　　 all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.wise, it implicitly asks what the real
　　 costs of our own intelligence might be。(2009完形)
　　【结构分析】本句主干在逗号后，为it implicitly asks what the real costs of our own intelligence might be，其中宾语部分由what引导的名词性从句充当，what在从句中作表语。句首部分是介宾短语所作的状语，其中包含省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句we’ve left in the dust I.Q.wise，修饰先行词species，关系代词指代先行词在从句中作left的宾语。
　　【参考译文】这个试验不是去回顾那些被我们划为低智商的物种，而是含蓄在问我们自己智力的真正代价是什么。
　　 7.who/whom和whose引导的定语从句
　　 (1)关系代词who引导的定语从句，该关系代词指人，可以在定语从句中作主语、宾语等。
　　【真题例句】Hofstader says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who
　　 “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to
　　 identify with children who show the least intellectual promise。”(2004阅读4)
　　【结构分析】本句主干为Hofstader says…，其中says后的宾语由省略了that的宾语从句our country’s educational system is in the grips of people…充当，这是一个主系表结构，其中表语中people后跟一个who引导的定语从句who joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children…，关系代词who指代先行词people，在从句中作主语。这里我们注意到此从句的谓语动词proclaim后的宾语由and并列，分别为their hostility to intellect和 their eagerness to identify with children。前一个to为介词，与名词intellect构成介词短语后置作定语，后一个to是不定式短语，对eagerness进行修饰，也是后置作定语，句末的定语从句who show the least intellectual promise 修饰先行词children，在从句中，关系代词who指代children在从句中作主语。