【真题例句】Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”， like the concept of “set”
in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete
research and understanding. (2003-65)
【结构分析】本句的主干是一个主系表结构，主语和系动词被介宾短语like the concept of “set” in mathematics所作的状语分隔，连接后为the anthropological concept of “culture” is an abstract concept…，其中表语abstract concept由which引导的定语从句which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding修饰，在从句中，which代替concept作主语。
【参考译文】因此，就像数学中“集合”的概念一样，人类学中“文化”的概念是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
【真题例句】He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in
noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully。” (2008-49)
【结构分析】本句为复合句。主句为He adds humbly that…，其中adds的宾语部分由that引导的宾语从句充当。在此宾语从句中，两个介宾短语in noticing things 和 in observing them carefully都作状语，关系代词which引导的定语从句which easily escape attention修饰先行词things，which在从句指代things作主语。
【参考译文】他谦卑地补充道，或许他“和普通人比起来，更能够注意到那些别人不容易注意到的细节，并对此加以详细地观察”。
3。关系代词与介词一起用，介词提前时，只用which。
(1)从句中谓语部分成分提前
【真题例句】With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for
whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on
which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature。(2000阅读3)
【结构分析】本句包含两个并列分句。前一分句为the case is rather difficult，后一分句whatever Futurist poetry may be…(直到句末)由for连接，表示原因。在此分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，两个破折号之间的插入部分，为分词结构所作的让步状语。admitting后的宾语由从句that the theory…may be right充当，该宾语从句的主语theory由which引导的定语从句修饰，which指代先行词theory在从句中作谓语部分be based on(以……为基础，根据)的宾语，表现为介词on提前。句首的介宾短语With regard to Futurist poetry作全句的状语。
【参考译文】但是，就未来派诗歌而言，情况却相当不同了，因为无论未来派诗歌为何物——即使承认其理论根据可能是正确的，也很难称其为文学作品。
【真题例句】Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates
(patterns) into which they plug each day’s events。(2001阅读3)
【结构分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)。关系代词which引导定语从句into which they plug each day’s events修饰先行词a set of standard templates，which在定语从句中指代先行词作into的宾语(into提前)，我们可将其还原为plug each day’s events into(a set of standard templates)。
【参考译文】多数新闻记者都学着用一套标准的模式去看待世界，并把每天发生的事件纳入这种模式。
【真题例句】What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop
the science from which such a technology might be drawn。(2002英译汉)
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