【结构分析】本句与上句同，主干there be句型there are already robot systems…中，systems由that引导的定语从句that can perform…(直到句末)修饰，关系代词that指代先行词systems在从句中作主语。破折号之后的部分far greater precision than…是submillimeter accuracy的同位语，起补充说明作用，这里使用了比较级。句首的And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro mechanics作全句的状语。
【参考译文】由于电子技术的不断微型化和微型机械学的发展，已经出现了能够完成某些脑部和骨科手术的机器人系统，其精确程度已达到亚毫米级，这一精确程度大大超出了技术娴熟的医生光凭双手所能达到的水平。
【真题例句】For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain。(2004完形)
【结构分析】本句主干的结构为“主+谓+宾+宾补”，即changes make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain。主语changes后有两个修饰语，其一是介词短语in the economy作的后置定语，其二是that引导的定语从句that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general。该定语从句中，关系代词指代先行词changes作主语，谓语lead to有两个宾语，分别为job opportunities 和 unemployment，由and并列。
【参考译文】举例来说，经济改革导致了年轻人就业机会的减少和普遍上升的失业率，这些都使得有酬工作越来越难找。
注意：只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况：
(1)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which;
(2)不定代词如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which;
(3) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that;
(4) 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级时，只用that;
(5) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
【真题例句】To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is
that good people do nothing。”(2003阅读2)
【结构分析】本句的直接引语中，主干为一个主系表结构all is that…，其中主语all由that引导的定语从句that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause修饰，关系代词that指代先行词all在从句中作主语。表语由that引导的名词性从句that good people do nothing充当。
【参考译文】用18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克的话说：“一个被误导的事业如果能成功，它唯一需要的就是好人无所作为”。
2。关系代词which引导的定语从句，which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语等。多数情况下，可与that互换。
【真题例句】用If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a
position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties。(2002阅读1)
【结构分析】本句包含两个并列分句，由and连接。第一个分句为you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you，这里包含一个定语从句，由which引导，关系代词which指代先行词the experiences and problems，在从句中作主语。第二个分句为it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties，其中使用了it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式to make a passing remark about…。句首的if引导条件状语从句，其中group由which引导的定语从句which you are addressing修饰，which在从句中指代先行词groups，作address的宾语。
【参考译文】如果你是你谈话听众中的一员，你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题，而且你也可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者领导在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。
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