英语中有许多表示启承转合的词语，阅语中注意这些词有助于我们提高理解力，写作中注意用这些词，有助于 我们把文章写得连贯、有条理。On the other hand 在本句中用来表示不同或相反的语气，在前一段中讲了popular word 这一段中作者则要讲讲learned words. 表示不同或相反语气的词还有很多，比如：Conversely， however， on the contrary， unlike， whereas， yet等等。
前面我们提到过number可以与可数名词连用，而amount可与不可数名词连用，如：
1）A large number of students have passed the exam （许多学生已经通过了考试）
2）They paid a large amount of money for the house （他们付了一大笔钱买了这座房子）
6.Their meanings are known to every educated person， but there is little occasion to use them at home
occasion 通常可以做可数名词用，意思是“时刻、场合”；也可以做不可数名词用，意思是：“必要性、需要；机会”。如：
1）They're met on several occasions （他们已相遇过好几次）
2）They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。（有时候你会觉得说“再见”很难。）
3）I don't remember I had occasion to blame him （我不记得我有责备他的必要）
7.In the latter， we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly the same meaning
在前一句中用了“in the first case，” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .对两件事分别进行表述时，可以用in the first case， in the latter case 这一类词，条理非常清楚，也可以用the former，the latter 来表述。derivation 是derive 的名词形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁语词源的词”，请看例句：
1）These words are derived from Latin （这些词由拉丁语派生而来）
2）The derivation of words is interesting （词的派生很有意思）
8.The terms “popular” and “learned”，as applied to words， are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“术语、名称”，如：
1）I don't know how to put this term into Chinese （我不知道如何把这一术语译成中文）
2）Writer is hardly the term to apply to him （“作家”这一名称很难用在他身上）
term 还有“期限；任期；学期”的意思，如：
1）During his 4-year term of office， he did a lot of things for the common people.（在他四年的任职期间，他为普通百姓做了不少事。）
2）He decided to rum for a second term （他决定竞选连任。）
3）The autumn term is coming to an end （秋学期快要结束了。）
apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”，如：
1）This rule applies to upper class students only （这条规则只适用于高年级学生。）
2）I don't think what he says applies to you （我想他的话对你不适用）
3）They are eager to apply the theory to practice （他们急切地想把这一理论用于实践）
apply for 则是“申请”的意思，如：
1）How many people have applied for the job？（有多少人申请了这个工作？）
2）They applied for permission to use the tennis court （他们申请使用网球场。）
9.Still the classification into “learned” and “popular” is convenient and sound .本句中的sound是形容词，意思是“正确的；明智的”，如：
1）He felt so happy that he had made a sound decision.（做了正确的决定，他感到很高兴。）
2）He was so carried away by power that he could not make any sound judgement（他被权力冲昏了头脑，无法做出任何明智的判断）
请看下面几个句子，注意sound 在句中的意思：
1）He is sound in body and mind （他身心健康）
2）The house is sound .Don't hesitate to buy it （这所房了完好无损，别犹豫，买下它）
3）The baby is having a sound sleep.（宝宝在酣睡）
4）Father gave him a sound beating.（父亲给他一顿痛打）
10.When we call a word “learned” we don't mean that it is used by learned persons alone， but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary people
not （that）…。but （that）。意思“不是…。而是。”如：
1）I came here again not because I enjoy the scenery so much but because I like the people .（我又来这儿，不是因为我多喜欢这儿的景色，而是我爱这儿的人们。）
2）By calling him Shylock， I don't mean that he is named Shylock，but that he is as miserly as Shylock.（叫他夏洛克，我不是说他的名字叫夏洛克，而是说他像夏洛克一样吝啬。）
due to 在句中的意思是“由于”，如：
1）His failure was due to carelessness （他的失败是由于粗心。）
2）Due to lack of funds，they had to postpone the project.（由于缺少资金，他们不得不推迟计划）
rather than 在本句的意思是“不是…而是……”，“与其……不如…”
1）He is a writer than a teacher （与其说他是教师，不如说他是作家。）
2）He lay rather than sit in the armchair （与其说他是坐在扶手椅上不如说是躺在里面。）
本课主要词组
1.make up
2.be familiar with
3.learn from
4.belong to
5.at large
6.on the other hand
7.be knows to
8.acquaintance with
9.in a style
10.be of importance
11.in the first case
12.in the latter （case）
13.in print
14.apply to
15.come up
16.as to
17.as a whole
18.due to
19.rather than
Text B how should you build up your vocabulary？
短语表达
1.build up （建立；增强；增加）
They worked hard to build up the friendship between the people in two countries.
Get plenty of exercise every to build up your health.
2.come across （穿过，出现；遇到）
They came across the street to meet me.
A good idea came across my mind
We are bound to come across difficulties， but we are determined to overcome them.
3.look up （查阅）
If there are words you don't understand， look them up in the dictionary .
For further information about this matter， look up this book.
4.at top speed （以最高速度）
He drove his car at top speed
It's dangerous to corner at top speed
5.depend on （依靠；取决于）
We'll depend mainly on ourselves to solve the problem.
The accomplishment of the task depends on the solution of this major problem.
6.make sense （有意义、讲得通）
What he said just now didn't make any sense to me.
This sentence doesn't make any sense.
7.try doing sth（尝试做某事）
You can try using another method to go it
He tried climbing the mountain without any help.
8.come up with （提出，想出；提供）
He is expected to come up with some ideas after he thinks about the problem.
The TV network will come up with better shows in the future.
9.lead to（导致）
Our discussions led to confusion. The earthquake led to heavy loss of life.
10.after all （毕竟）
Don't expect too much of him， he is， after all， a child of 10.
We didn't finish all the work. After all， we didn’t have enough hands
11.provide with （提供）
It is necessary that you provide them with all the equipment
We are satisfied to be provided with these kitchen utensils
12.begin with （以……开始）
The first word of a sentence should begin with a capital letter .
To begin with， we ought to know what we are here for.www.
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