请翻译下面的句子：
1）The sun warms the earth， which makes it possible for plants and animals to live.（太阳温暖了大地，这才使动植物有可能生长。）
2）He failed the exam， which made him very disappointed.（他考试没及格，这使他非常失望。）
3）He has a son， who is doing his PH.D in the United States.（他有一个儿子，在美国读博士学位。）
句中后一个which引导的是一个限定性定语从句，修饰any item.但是传统语法中通常有这样的规定：当先行词是all，everything，something，nothing等不定代词，或被first， only，few，much，some，any，no以及形容词最高级等词修饰时，应该用关系代词that，不用which.例如：I am interested in all that you told me.
9.The cities use these funds for education， police and fire department， public works and municipal buildings.
work 用作单数时，通常指工作，例如：I have a lot of work to do this afternoon.
用作复数时，works则指 1）著作：The Complete Works of Mao Zetong（《毛泽东全集》） 2）工程：public works（公共建筑工程，市政工程）
10.They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs.
spend too much （money） on sth的意思是“把太多的钱花在……”，例如：He would spend some money on books every month……（他每个月都花一些钱买书。）
我们常常会碰到的另一个词组spend some time （in） doing sth.的意思是“花时间做某事”，例如：He spent a lot of time doing the experiment.（他花了很多时间做实验。）
在英语学习中，我们还要注意pay，cost和spend在用法上的区别。请注意下面的句子：
1）Tom paid 20 dollars for that T-shirt.
2）The T-shirt cost Tom 20 dollars.
3）Tom spent 20 dollars on that T-shirt.
请翻译下面的句子：
1）我借给他的那本新字典花了我三十多块钱。（The dictionary I lent him cost me more than 30 yuan.）
2）把这辆自行车修一修要花很多钱吗？（Does it cost much to get this bike repaired？）
3）在过去的几年中，这家工厂花了很多钱改善工作条件。（In the past few years， the factory has spent a lot of money improving the working conditions.）
4）她不喜欢把钱花在华而不实的服装上。（She doesn't like to spend money on fancy clothes.）
5）买这部手机你花了多少钱？（How much money did you pay for this self-phone？）
6） 她花了一百多块钱买那双鞋。（She paid more than a hundred for that pair of shoes.）
本课主要词组1.be sure of 2.have a corner 3.consist of 4.vary from 5.depend on 6.a packet of 7.in addition to 8.complain about 9.in the wrong way 10.spend…on 11.tend to 12.agree on本课主要句型A. 宾语从句：
1）Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of.
2）…but many people feel that the United States lead the world with the worst taxes.
3）…they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes.
4）They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way.
5）They say that it spends too much on useless and practical programs.
B.定语从句：
1）Taxes consist of money which people pay to support their government.
2）Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government.
3）Other states have a sales tax， which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.
4）…people who own a home have to pay taxes on it…
5）…and excise tax， which is charged on cars in a city.
美国五十个州A. The New England States （6）
1.Maine （缅因） 2.New Hampshire*（新罕布什尔）
3.Vermont（佛蒙特） 4.Massachusetts*（马萨诸塞）
5.Connecticut*（康涅狄格） 6.Rhode Island*（罗得岛）
B. The Middle Atlantic States （7）
7.New York*（纽约） 8.Pennsylvania*（宾夕法尼亚）
9.New Jersey*（新泽西） 10.Delaware*（特拉华）
11.Maryland* （马里兰） 12.Virginia*（弗吉尼亚）
13.West Virginia（西弗吉尼亚）
C.The Southern Atlantic States （11）
14.North Carolina* （北卡罗来纳） 15.South Carolina*（南卡罗来纳）
16.Georgia*（佐治亚） 17.Florida（佛罗里达）
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