An Observation and an Explanation
1。A.分析：题干分析：大意：我们能通过母亲把孩子靠着身体抱着的姿势了解很多东西。从句意来看是概括性的话语而且与文章的主题相关，所以推测可能需要考生进行推断。 利用题干中出现的核心结构：holds her baby against her body作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：
It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. 划线句说“母亲把孩子靠着身体抱着的姿势很具有启迪性”，可见问题句的说法与该句的说法一致。
2. C。分析：题干分析：大意：大多数的妇女用左手怀抱婴儿，让右手闲着，这样做她们感到舒服。利用题干中出现的核心结构：holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. ... It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. 划线句子中提到了78%的母亲是左手怀抱婴儿，但是并没有提到这使他们舒服，所以判断问题句的说法为“没提到”。
3.B。分析：题干分析：大意：惯用右手的母亲中把孩子靠着身体的左侧怀抱的人数比惯用左手把孩子靠着身体的左侧怀抱的母亲人数多22%。利用题干中出现的特征词22%作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. (文章中直接出现的数字22%是有关惯用左手的母亲让左手空出来用于做其他的工作，而与问题句的内容无关，而前一句已经点明了两种母亲人数上的差距是5%)因此判断问题句的说法“不正确”。
4.A.分析：题干分析：大意：大多数惯用左手的母亲把孩子抱在身体的左侧这个事实表明第一种解释是不正确的。利用题干中的核心词first explanation作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.该句暗示题干中提到的first explanation在前文中，这样发现了直接答案相关句：If asked to explain (与explanation呼应)the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. (该句揭示了第一种解释的内容)... It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers.该句说明大多数用左手的母亲也是左手怀抱孩子，因此判断问题句的说法正确：大多数惯用左手的母亲把孩子抱在身体的左侧这个事实表明第一种解释(为了让占主导作用的手空闲出来做其他的事情)是不正确的。
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5. The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mother's body provides the most convincing explanation of all.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6. A baby held in the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7. The writer's explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers' left arms than in the right arms.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
标准答案： A,C,A
本题分数： 3.00 分，你答题的情况为 错误 所以你的得分为 .00 分
解析：7.A.分析：题干分析：大意：孩子抱在左手中要比抱在右手中显地更平静这个事实支持了作者对于这个现象(大多数母亲左手怀抱孩子)的解释。该问题句是总结性的话语，因此推测该题可能需要考生进行推断。利用题干中出现的修饰词peaceful作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect (与peaceful呼应)on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace (与peaceful呼应)if held on the left against her heart than on the right. 该句说“如果是这样(母亲的心跳对孩子有安静的作用)，则母亲很快会发现她孩子在母亲的身体的左边靠着心脏抱要比孩子在母亲的身体右边更显的平静” ，反之可以借助这个现象得出作者的解释是正确的。
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阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea'’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed.As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.
1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 4___.
3. Paragraph 5___.
4. Paragraph 6___.
A. Keprike’s research tool
B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep
C. Criticism on Kripke’s report
D. A way of overcoming insomnia
E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers
F. Classification of sleep problems
标准答案： E,B,A,D
解析：1.概括大意题解题思路如果段落的段首句和/或段尾句是观点句，则往往段首句和/或段尾句的句意应该与所选择的段落小标题内容呼应;
2.如果段落中有反复出现的词语/结构，则该词语/结构应该出现在段落小标题中;
3.如果段落中有举例或例举的内容，则往往该例子或例举的内容所反应的信息在段落小标题中有呼应;
4.如果段落中出现有观点句(引导出观点句的常见结构: to sum up (adv.总之, 总而言之); in a word (adv.总之), in conclusion (adv.最后, 总之)等)， 或段落中有句子表述的内容是“..研究发现..”， “.某某研究者发现..”，或段落的开头或结尾处出现转折句(转折句子中往往有“but, however, although, though, nevertheless”等表述语意转折的逻辑副词或逻辑连词)，则这些句子可能就是段落的中心句，这些句子的句意应该在该段段落小标
题中有呼应;
完成句子题解题思路：
1.利用语法搭配结构判断答案范围。 即：借助空格前句子结构的语法特征判断空格处应该出现具有什么样语法特征的结构， 从而在被选项中确认答案可能出现的范围;
2.利用搭配结构的语意判断答案范围。即：语意搭配最通顺的被选项放入空格中，语意最通顺的被选项是答案;
利用文章中的答案相关句判断答案。利用问题句中的核心词/特征词能帮助快速找到答案相关句。 核心词通常是“出现在空格前面结构中的主语和/或谓语部分的词语”， 因为它们传递出了所在结构的主要内容信息 ，核心词还包括在空格前面结构中起修饰，限制作用的形容词/副词。 特征词包括“时间”， “数字”及“机构名称”， “人名”， “地名”等专有名词。
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1. E： Investigators ...found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling, than...该句回应了文章的主题—睡眠时间太长不是好事;对应被选项发现只有E和F与这个内容有关系，但段落最后一句中又提到了睡眠不足的人的问题，因此判断E是答案(睡眠长和睡眠短的人所面临的睡眠问题)。
2。B.分析：段落的结构-- Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance..表明了该段的中心是讲述“长期睡眠不足的潜在危险”。
3. A. 分析：对于该段落答案的选择具有一定的迷惑性，A和F容易相互成为干扰项，但由于段落中提到的“睡眠问题”是属于问卷上要回答的内容，是和Keprike的直接研究有关，所以判断A是答案。同时猜测F可能是出题者设置的干扰项。
4. D： 段落中出现的Kripke found， Kripke noted和he added表明“Kripke的观点和态度应该是该段的中心”，对比被选项排除C(段落中没有出现批评的话语)和F(段落中没有具体提到睡眠问题的表现形式)，而段落最后第2句提到了克服失眠的方法—少花时间在床上，与D呼应。
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