1.动名词的语法功能
1)作主语
Swimming is never as fast as running.
注意:动名词(或动名词短语)作主语时,有时句中使用形式主语it,如:
It is no use talking about it.
谈论此事并无用处。
注意:
不定式和动名词都可以做主语,在意义上区别不大。
例如:
It is impossible to get there before dark.
It is impossible getting there before dark.
但在下列固定结构中,只能用动名词做主语,不能用不定式:
It is no good doing…
It is no use doing…
It is worthwhile doing…
It is a waste of time doing…
例如:
It is no good objecting反对没有用。
It is no use crying哭没有用。
It's worthwhile reading the book.读这本书很值。
2)作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)
Would you mind waiting for a moment?
有少数动词用动名词作宾语,如下所示:
acknowledge承认 admit 承认 appreciate 感激
avoid避免 delay延迟 deny否认
escape逃避 keep保持 mind 介意
permit 允许 postpone延迟 resist抵抗
risk冒险 prevent阻止 quit放弃停止
recommend 推荐 suggest建议
注意:
有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
①forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
②remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
③regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
④try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean to do打算,有意要…
mean doing意味着
⑥go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
⑦propose to do 打算(要做某事)
propose doing建议(做某事)
⑧stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
⑨be used to doing sth.习惯于…
used to do过去曾经…
2.动名词的逻辑主语
一般情况下,动名词的逻辑主语是谓语动词的主语;如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动词的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语。用作动名词逻辑主语的词类有:物主代词和名词所有格。试比较:
Tom insisted on going with them.(He went with them)
汤姆坚持要和他们一起去。(他去了)
Tom insisted on my going with them.(I went with them)
汤姆坚持要我和他们一起去。
His taking part in the work will help us a lot.
他参加这项工作对我们有很大帮助。(物主代词)
责任编辑:mman