s is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions(凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
21. What is the real cause of the patential water crisis.
A) Only harf of the world’s warter can be used.B) The world population is inereasing faster and faster.C) Half of the world’s water resources have been seriously polluted.D) Humanity has not placed officient value on water resources.
22. As indicated in the passage, the water problem .
A) is already serious in certain parts of the world.B) Has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC) Poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD) Is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
23. According to the author, the water price should .
A) be reduced to the minimumB) stimulate domestic demandC) correspond to its real valueD) takesintosaccount the occurrences of droughts
24. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to .
A) build big lakes to store waterB) construct big pumping stationsC) build small and cheap irrigation systemsD) channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
25. Insgroupsto raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to .A) guarantee full protection of the environmentB) centralize the management of water resourcesC) increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsD) encourage local and regional of water resources
Passage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular”coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales wentsintosa slight decline （衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.
26. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will .
A)decrease gradually C)improve enormously B)become unstable D)remain at the same level
27. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is .
A) usually introduced to satisfy different tastesB) often more expensive than old onesC) often inferior to old ones at firstD) not easily accepted by the public
28. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to .
A)work out marketing policies C)promote its production B)increase its popularity D)speed up its life cycle
29. The author mentions the example of “backpacks”(Line 4, Para.2 ) to show the importance of .
A)increasing usage among students C)pleasing the young as well as the old B)exploring new market sections D)serving both military and civil needs30. Insgroupsto recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are . A)improving product quality C)re-positioning their product in the market B)modernizing product style D)increasing product features
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
31. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we here for two days.
A)will have stayed C)have been staying B)shall stay D)have stayed
32. According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have the longest life :77.2 years.
A)rank C)scale B)span D)scope
33. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished.
A) had lost C)would lose B)would have lost D)should have lost
34. As a public relations officer, he is said some very influential people.
A) to know C)to have been knowing B) to be knowing D)to have known
35. Our hopes and fell in the same instant.
A)arose C)rose B)raised D)aroused
36. With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers before their time.
A) be bloomed C) bloomed B) bloom D)blooming
37. A season ticket _______the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time.
A) entitles C)bloomed B) grants D)promises
38. _______in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.
A) Someone C) Anyone B) Some D) One
39. In recent years much more emphasis has been put developing the students productive skills.
A) onto C) over B) in D) on
40. Only a selected number of landladies in the neighbourhood have been allowed by the university to take in .
A) residents B) settlers B) lodgers D)inhabitants
41. The fire was finally brought under control, but not extensive damage had been caused.
A) before C) after B) since D) as
42. Purchasing the new production line will be a deal for the company.
A) forceful C) favorite B) tremendous D)profitable
43. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert it means standing in a queue all night.
A) as if C) provided B) even if D) whatever
44. We hadn’t met for 20 years, but I recognized her I saw her .
A) the moment C) the moment when B) for the moment D) at the moment when
45. Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak Chinese.
A) fluid C) fluent B) smooth D) flowing
46. Government reports examination compositions legal documents and most business letters are the main situations formal language is used.
A) in which C) on which B) at what D) in that
47. Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun sightseeing.
A) rather than to go C) other than going B) more than going D) than to go
48. If the building project by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
A) being completed C) to be completed B) is completed D) completed
49. He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won and a scholarship.
A) faith C) fame B) status D) courage
50. Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university.
A) studied C) had been studying B) study D) had studied
51. The older New England villages have changed relatively little a gas station or two in recent decades.
A) except for C) except B) in addition to D) besides
52. The Car Club couldn’t to meet the demands of all its members.
A) assume C) guarantee B) ensure D) confirm
53. Extensive reporting on television has helped to interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.
A) assemble C) yield B) generate D) gather
54. The president promised to keep all the board members of how the negotiations were going on.
A) inform C) be informedB) informing D) informed
55. Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A) attribute to C) contribute to B) attend to D) devote to
56. All the tasks ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.
A) been fulfilled C) were fulfilled B)shavingsbeen fulfilled D) had been fulfilled
57. This article more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.
A) cares for C) allows forB) applies for D) calls for
58. He was punished he should make the same mistake again.
A) unless C) if B) provided D) lest
59. Petrol is refined from the oil we take out of the ground.
A) crude C) rude B) fresh D) original
60. in the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.
A) being the fourth biggest city C) Once the fourth biggest city B) It was once the fourth biggest city D) The fourth biggest city it was
Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fitssintosthe passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendships,what they expected 61 friends,what they were willing to give in 62 ,and how satisfied they were 63 the quality of their friendships.the 64 give little comfort to social critics.Friendship 65 to be a unique form of 66 bonding .Unlike marriage or the ties that 67 parents and children,it i
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