(2)The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket.
例句中“emptied”由形容词“空的”转化为动词“翻空”、“掏空”。
2.利用上下文线索猜测生词的含义
阅读是无限的。阅读内容的千变万化使得阅读学习不可能完全依靠词典来逐个认知生词的含义。因此,在无法以构词法知识来猜测生词时,还可以根据不同文章的上下文关系来猜测不断遇到的生词。
1)利用上下文线索的同义(近义)关系和反义关系(Synonymy and Antonymy)。
(1)Their friends laughed at them,and the sisters felt wretched,very unhappy.One of them even cried and sobbed.
从例句中“very unhappy”和“cried”得知被人嘲笑的姐妹们“感到不幸”“哭了起来”。由此可推断是因为她们“感到痛苦”(felt wretched),才会有人“抽噎”(sobbed)。
(2)In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid,and the summers hot and dry.
从例句中冬夏两季的气候反差来看,“cold”的反义为“hot”,那么“humid”的反义为“dry”。因而不难推测“hum id”为“潮湿的”含义。
2)利用上下文线索的对比关系(comparison)和矛盾关系(contradiction)。
(1)Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning.Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.
通过句中两个由“some people...”引起的句子内容的不同结局对比,可以推测“conversely”为“相反地”。
(2)Pygmies can move in the treetops almost expertly as monkeys...one of the most surprising facts about these small men and women is their great appetite—they can eat much.
从例句中以物的类比和矛盾的描写里,可知Pygmies(俾格米人)是能够似灵猴般在树梢上穿行的矮小人种(small men and women);他们人虽矮小,但却吃得很多(eat much),胃口大得很(great appetite)。这种即包含同义、对比又包含矛盾关系的描写无疑保证了对文字的正确认识和猜测的准确性。
3)利用上下文线索的词的关系(word relation)和短语、句子重述(rephrasing and restatement)。
(1)Only archaeologists can find out a lot about our early history.
众所周知,能够发现许多东西与我们早
期历史有关联的人往往“只有”(only)我们的历史“考古学家”(archaeologist)。
(2)Psychology,the study of man's mind,depends on careful observation of people behavior or actions under certain conditions.
例句中“the study of man's mind”(对人类精神的研究)的短语重述,结合下文内容可猜测出Psychology为研究人类行为心理的“心理学”。
(3)Skim before you read.This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully.
例句中“This means...”句子重述skim的解释,可推测该词意为“浏览”、“快读”或“略读”。
4)利用上下文线索中的相关知识信息和已有的知识经验(inform ation and experien )。
责任编辑:sealion1986