Vitamins K
Vitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the intestines bacteria synthesize a number of important clotting factors which need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur.
Vitamins C
Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of vitamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys when they did not have fruit in their diets. Scurvy causes painful, bleeding gums. As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea.
Vitamins B
B group vitamins have a wide range of roles acting as co-enzymes in metabolic pathways. They are found in most plant and animal tissues involved in metabolism, therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells.
1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from ________.
A. the cell
B. the respiring process of carbohydrates
C. fats in the cell
D. a balanced diet
2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of _______.
A. digestion
B. respiration
C. oxidization
D. mobilization
3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtained from______.
A. stomach
B. body tissues
C. the body
D. the diet
4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of ________.
A. protein
B. carbohydrates
C. vitamins
D. diet
5. Vitamins are called “micronutrients” in that _________.
A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urine
B. the body only requires small amount of vitamins
C. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxic
D. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic
6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of __________.
A. fat soluble vitamins
B. water soluble vitamins
C. vitamin A
D. innate disability
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