二、完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
从选择项中选择一个最适合短文的选项，错选、多选或未选均无分。
Several regions in the world are subject [21] storms which are so severe that they
[22]damage on a tremendous scale. The regions are all located on the edges of great oceans. The[23]term for such severe storms is 'cyclone'. The term 'hurricane' is[24]for storms that occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Cyclones(龙卷风) and hurricanes(飓风) differ in one curious[25]: in a cyclone, the wind circulates in a clockwise direction; in a hurricane, the wind direction is counter-clockwise.
[26]cyclones and hurricanes have one ominous similarity. [27]the damage they cause on land and at sea, they are identical.
Australia undergoes a number of cyclones every year along its northern coast, which faces Indonesia. The cyclones[28]mainly in December and January, the summer months in the southern hemisphere.
Usually the Australian cyclones don't cause great damage because Australia's northern territory has vast empty regions that are virtually [29].There are few coastal cities. When a cyclone[30]move inland from the sea, it usually blows itself out without striking any inhabited area.
21. A. to B. for C. of D. on
22. A. make B. cause C. happen D. suffer
23. A. full B. common C. ordinary D. general
24. A. made B. called C. meant D. defined
25. A. way B. manner C. angle D. feature
26. A. However B. And C. But D. Then
27. A. In that B. In terms of C. Except for D. Along with
28. A. occur B. rise C. raise D. foster
29. A. populated B. deserted C. unpopulated D. undeserved
30. A. could B. does C. would D. should
三、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填空或答题，错选、多选或未选均无分。
Passage 1
Personal interviewing (面试) is most effective when all the people to be interviewed are located in a relatively small geographical area. Otherwise, the time and expense spent in traveling from one person to another makes this type of interviewing economically impractical. Personal interviewing is usually used when the information needed is too complex to be gathered by another technique. For example, a problem being studied may require the interviewer to probe beyond the more superficial answers that might be obtained with another method.
It is sometimes assumed that personal interviewing is the most accurate of all survey research techniques. Although personal interviewing may be accurate in many cases, human errors may prevent a researcher from obtaining valid results. Questions perceived by the interviewee (应试者) as an invasion of privacy or threatening in any way will probably produce false or partially true answers. Also, since the interviewer (面试者) must interpret the respondent's statements, a certain amount of information loss results even though the respondent may be answering truthfully.
In spite of the problems, at least two major advantages are provided by this research technique. First, the alert interviewer can generally tell if the respondent is being truthful or if he or she is giving superficial or untrue responses. Second, the interviewer can rephrase questions, give more explanation, or probe more deeply if the initial questions do not produce the information desired. As a result, the information gleaned should be more accurate than that provided by interviews where no one is present to clarify questions or to interpret answers.
31. Sometimes a researcher cannot get valid results because ______.
A. the information needed is too complex to be gathered
B. personal interviewing is the most accurate of all survey research techniques
C. personal interviewing is not as effective as other research techniques
D. both interviewer and interviewee may make mistakes during the interviewing
32. In the first sentence of the last paragraph, the pronoun “this” refers to ______.
A. survey
B. question
C. answering
D. personal interviewing
33. According to the last paragraph, one of the advantages of the personal interviewing is ______.
A. the interviewer can ask the interviewee questions again in different ways
B. the interviewer can ask the interviewee some personal questions
C. the initial question do not produce the information desired
D. no one is present to clarify questions
Passage 2
In the United States, boys and girls start school when they are five years old. In some states they must stay in school until they are sixteen. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they graduate from secondary school. Another name for secondary school is high school.
Most children go to public elementary and secondary schools. The parents of public school pupils do not have to pay directly for their children's education because tax money supports the public schools. If a child attends a private school, his parents pay the school for the child's education.
Today about half of the high school graduates go on to colleges and universities. Some colleges and universities receive tax money from the government. A student at a state university does not have to pay very much if his parents live in that state. Private colleges and universities are expensive; however, almost half of the college students in the United States work while they are studying. When a student's family is not rich, he has to earn money for part of his college expenses.
34. The students in all the states of the U. S. must finish ______ school until they are ______ at least.
A. high eighteen
B. elementary seventeen
C. secondary sixteen
D. starting five years old
35. In America the parents whose children go to public schools ______ for their children’s education, while the parents whose children attend private schools ______.
A. do not pay any will pay much money
B. pay no pay much
C. pay directly don' t have to pay directly
D. don' t pay money directly must pay plenty of money
36. About 50 per cent of the university students in the United States ______ to get ______ their college education.
A. work while studying some money for
B. must work hard all night earning much money for
C. work at night while study in the day some money for
D. works while studying part of the money for
Passage 3
Searching by keyword is the most common method of using a search engine, but the problem with keywords is the relatively imprecise results and the return of a lot of irrelevant information. Keywords may have more than one meaning and search results may be found only by using a synonym of the keyword. The method of browsing on the other hand takes too much to find the relevant information. Directories like Yahoo try to circumvent the problem, but the manual process of classifying material on the web takes up too much time, resulting in very few search results, as not everything on the web can be classified. Therefore new paradigms of searching are needed as well as new software that is able to categorize web sites automatically.
The majority of search engines come from the United States and has specialized in English resources and information reflecting the American culture. People who do not speak English or who are non-native speakers have therefore many disadvantages on the web.
The centralized approach to information retrieval has extreme difficulty in coping with the multilingual and multi-cultural nature of the information society. The Internet has become a success throughout the world, but the American search engines operate with a US-centric company structure and tend to concentrate upon the English language. Although many search engines have subsidiaries in many other countries, like Japan or Italy, the way the information is presented is the American way and may not reflect the logic of the people who are using it.
National search engines in Russia or France, for example, have to deal with far smaller sets of information and specialize in the cultural and linguistic environments that they know best. Their disadvantage is that the queries are in Russian or French and the search results contain only a small subset of possible results on the web, as they are restricted to the language. This strongly reduces the possibility of using the Web as a source for the worldwide diffusion of information.
Larger search engines, such as Altavista are able to perform multilingual searches, which presents search results in multiple languages. This is good, if the searcher knows all the languages, but if, for example, an Indian finds a Japanese web site on the search topic, this may not be helpful.
Text documents that are in special formats (such as Postscript or Star Office Documents) are unreachable for many search engines, as the textual information is embedded into the binary structure of the particular file format. The same applies to scanned documents, Java applets and video/audio clips. The content of these file formats is hidden from search engines today. Only if the description of the file format is known and included into the search engine is it possible to add the content for certain document types. This is relatively easy, just a matter of work. Infoseek for example, is able to index the content of Word documents. More difficult is the inclusion of content that is hidden in applications, as there is no way to tell where the information may be hidden.
The research and development in information and data retrieval is aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval. Individual and parallel development for database management systems has left this sector without a centralized vision and coordination between the different types of search engines. Search engines on the Internet are very specific and not able to cope with multiple database formats and file types. In order to make searches complete a search engine needs to search over text, documents, images, sounds and all other media formats. So the database integration will be the single most important objective for the future of intelligent search engines.
37. The problem with searching by keywords is ______.
A. although the results are more precise the information is abundant
B. although the results are not precise the information is not enough
C. the results are not precise and the information is more than necessary
D. none of the above
38. Which of the following is true about the search engines from the U.S.?
A. All of them specialized in English resources and information.
B. They operate with a US-centric company structure and tend to concentrate on various languages.
C. They provide only cultural resources and information.
D. It is not convenient for non-English speakers to use.
39. It can be learnt that if an Italian uses American search engines subsidiaries in Italy he may have the problem of ______.
A. not being able to find the information that he needs
B. not knowing how to use the search engines
C. having to try to understand the American logic first
D. having to learn English first
40. Search engines cannot work very efficiently today because ______.
A. there is no coordination between the different types of search engines
B. search engines on the Internet are very specific and not able to cope with multiple database formats and file types
C. search engines need to search over different categories to make searches complete
D. All of the above
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