译：当某人谈了某件事，大多数的欧洲人若是同意他所说的事，就会微笑并点头表示同意。相反，若是这个欧洲人不同意他们所说的事，那么就可能皱眉并摇摇头。用这种方式你表示了对他们所说的事情的反应，你一句话也没说就把你的反应传达给了跟你讲话的人。
3.average（n./a.） 这里做名词，意思是一般的。
4.signal n.信号；v.用信号通知、用信号传达、用动作示意。
For example：He signaled me to sit down. 他示意我坐下来。
I referred a moment ago to “the average European”， because body language is very much tied to culture， and in order not to misunderstand， or not to be misunderstood， you must realize this. A smiling Chinese， for instance， may not be approving but somewhat embarrassed.
译：我刚才提到的是“绝大多数欧洲人”，因为身体语言与文化习俗有很大的联系。为了不致误解别人或为了不被别人误解，你必须意识到这一点。例如，一位华人在微笑时很可能并不表示同意，而是有点不好意思。
5.tie——n.领带；v.系、关联；常用短语：be tied to = be connected with 和……有关联、和……有关系。
Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC， which is obviously important， for instance， to managers， who have to deal every day with their staff， and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions.
译：关于“非语言文字的交流”这一课题我们现在正进行相当大量的研究。这一研究课题，比如对于经理、总管之类的人员来讲，很显然是重要的。经理人员每天都必须同员工们打交道，他们必须明白，如果能创造出一个良好的工作环境，那么别人都会有什么感觉。
6.be being + 动词过去分词：现在进行时的被动结构。
7.deal with + sth 意思是“处理……事情”；
deal with + sb 意思是“跟某人打交道”。
be to do 表示已经计划好了，已经决定将要做什么事情。
Body language， or NVC signals， are sometimes categorised into five kinds： 1. body and facial gestures； 2. eye contact； 3. Body contact or “proximity”； 4. clothing and physical appearance； and 5. the quality of speech. I expect you understood all those， except perhaps “proximity.” This simply means “closeness”。
译：有时可以把身体语言，或者叫非语言文字的交流，分成五大类：（1）身体的姿态和面部表情；（2）目光的接触；（3）身体的接触或者“亲近度”；（4）衣着打扮和天生的长相；（5）讲话的质量。我想，也许除了“亲近度”而外，这一切你都明白。它就是讲“亲近到什么程度”。
In some cultures - and I am sure this is a cultural feature and not an individual one - it is quite normal for people to stand close together， or to more or less thrust their face into yours when they are talking to you. In other cultures， this is disliked； Americans， for instance， talk about invasion of their space.
译：在某些文化习俗当中——我敢肯定这是某一民族的风俗文化的特征，而不是某一个人的习惯特征——当人们在跟你谈话时，跟你站得很近或者或多或少地把脸贴近了你的脸，这都是十分正常的。而在另外一些民族的文化习俗当中，这样做是人们所不喜欢的。例如，美国人认为你侵犯了他们的私人空间。
8.more or less 或多或少；
Some signals are probably common to all of us. If a public speaker （like a professor， for example）is all the time fiddling with a pencil， or with his glasses， while he is talking to you， he is telling you quite clearly that he is nervous. A person who holds a hand over his mouth when he is talking is signaling that he is lacking in confidence. If you start wriggling in your chairs， looking secretly at your watches or yawning behind your hands， I shall soon get the message that I'm boring you. And so on. I'm sure you could make a whole list of such signals - and it might be fun if you did.
译：也许有些信号是我们大家所共有的。如果一位演讲者（比如一位教授），在给你们作报告时，总是摆弄一支铅笔或者他的眼镜，那么，他这是很清楚地告诉你，他心情很紧张。一个人如果在谈话时总是用一只手捂着嘴，这就表明他缺乏自信。如果你们开始不能安稳地坐在椅子上，开始偷偷地不时看看钟表，或者你们开始用手捂住嘴打哈欠，那么，我将会马上得到一个信息，那就是我使你们感到厌倦了。如此等等。我敢肯定你们会把这类感到厌倦的信号列出一整张纸来——如果你们现在就写的话，可能会很有趣。
9.make a list（of）罗列（罗列什么东西）；list 自身可以做动词“罗列”
For example：Make a list of the books.
it might be fun if you did 是与现在相反的虚拟语气
All the signals I have mentioned so far can be controlled. If you are aware that you are doing these things， you can stop. You can even learn to give false signals. Most public speakers are in fact nervous， but a good speaker learns to hide this by giving off signals of confidence.
译：我上面所提到的这些信号都是人们可以控制的。如果你意识到了你正在做那些小动作，你就会停止不做了。甚至你们还能学会发出虚假的信号。事实上绝大多数公开发表演讲的人都心情紧张，但是一位擅长演讲的人会发出自信心很强的信号来掩饰紧张的心情。
10.mention = speak of 表示提及到的、说到的、说过的；
so far 到目前为止；
be aware that 意识到、知道；
in fact 事实上，实际上；
11.by giving off 通过发出（虚假信号）。
Other kinds of NVC are not so easy to control. Eye contact， for instance. Unless you are confessing intense love， you hardly ever look into someone else's eyes for very long. If you try it， you'll find they will soon look away， probably in embarrassment.
译：另外几种非语言文字的交流就不是很容易控制的了。比如说目光接触吧。除非你坦白承认你深深爱上了她，要不然的话你就不会长时间地凝视着她的眼睛。如果你将来试一试凝视她的眼睛，你就会发现她会扭转头把眼睛挪开看其它地方，也许是出于难为情吧。
I've already mentioned proximity， so just a brief word now about our last two categories， which concern the way people dress and the way they speak. These are both pretty obvious signals. People may dress casually and speak casually， which signals that they are relaxed. Or they can dress formally and speak formally， showing their tenseness. In fact， non-verbal communication can， as the saying goes， speak volumes.
译：我上面已经把“亲近度”解释过了。现在用简明扼要的话讲讲最后两大类语言文字交流信号。这两类涉及到人们穿着的方式和讲话的方式。这两类都是很明显的交流信号。穿着随随便便而讲话又漫不经心，说明这些人的心情很轻松。如果人们穿得整整齐齐，讲起话来一本正经，这表明他们的心情很紧张很不轻松。事实上，非语言文字的交流，正如俗话所说的那样，含义是很深的。
12.pretty（a.）意思是 beautiful；在文中是副词，意思是 quite、very 非常、十分。
三、Vocabulary Exercises
Ⅰ。For each sentence， fill in the blank with the proper forms of the words given at the beginning. Please pay attention to the part of speech of each word.
1. embarrass（v.） 窘迫、为难
embarrassing（a.） 使……为难；使……窘迫；通常修饰没有动作执行能力的事物。
embarrassed（a.） 为难的，感到很为难的，通常做表语或者定语，修饰有动作执行能力的人。
embarrassment（n.） 窘迫
a. I often feel embarrassed in the presence of strangers.
b. The little girl raised a rather embarrassing question.
c. You can't imagine my embarrassment at having forgotten her name.
d. The modern child embarrasses less easily than 50 years ago.
2. close（a.） close（v.） closeness（n.） closed（a.）
a. She made a close study of the relationship between culture and language.
b. The bank has decided to close its New York branch.
c. A sphere is a closed surface of figure.
d. In some countries more eye contact implies more closeness of relationship.
3. approve（v.） approval（n.） disapprove（v.） disapproval（n.）
a. We all like others to show approval of what we do.
b. He shook his head in disapproval.
c. The government has approved the financial program for the coming year.
d. I strongly disapprove of your program.
4. appearance disappear appear disappearance
a. The appearance of the old gray house made us think that it was empty.
b. The advertisement didn't appear in yesterday's New York Times.
c. The disappearance of the airplane brought about a search of the area.
d. The truck disappeared into the night.
5. tense（v.） 拉紧，使紧张；
（a.）紧张的，绷紧的。
intense（a.） 热烈的，强烈的，一般表示程度，有的时候也可以表示紧张的
tenseness（n.） 绷紧、紧张
intensity（n.） 思想或感情上的强烈、剧烈、激烈
a. A bad burn causes intense pain.
b. The heat continues with increased intensity.
c. His muscles tensed when he heard the bad news.
d. One must learn to hide one's tenseness when speaking in public.
Ⅱ。 Fill in the following blanks with the words listed below in their proper forms.
non-verbal staff approval appearance
dislike confess control brief
casually oral
1. The boy confessed that he had broken the vase.
2. The plane suddenly went out of control.
3. The old man dislikes his wife although they have been married for thirty years.
4. The young lady is making her first appearance at the party.
5. The headmaster and his staff should all speak at the meeting.
6. Do you know how to practice oral English？
7. The professor made a brief introduction to his research.
8. Art， like gesture， is a form of non-verbal expression.
9. The father expressed his approval of what the son did.
10. He only casually put in a remark when we talked about the matter.
Text B Body Talk
一、New Words
1.前缀单词
1）interaction（n.）相互作用，相互影响
2）subconsciously（ad.）下意识地，潜意识地
3）submissiveness（n.）服从，顺从
2.后缀单词
1）liking（n.）喜欢，爱好
2）considerable（a.）1.值得考虑的，重要的；2.相当大或多的
3）provocative（a.）1.挑衅的，挑逗的；2.引起争论（或议论，兴趣等）的
4）repeatedly（ad.）反复地
5）hostile（a.）1.敌对的；2.不友善的，敌意的
hostility（n.）敌意，敌视
6）insistently（ad.）坚持地
7）directness（n.）1.直接；2.直截了当，直率
8）sincerity（n.）真诚
sincere（a.）真诚的
1）friendliness（n.）友好
2）warmth（n.）1.暖和，温暖；2.热烈，热情
3）emotion（n.）1.激动；2.情感，情绪
emotional（a.）感情的，情感的，感情上的
4）satisfying（a.）令人满意的，使人满足的
For example：a satisfying speech. 一个令人满意的演讲。
satisfied（a.）（人的感受上的）满意、满足
For example：My father is satisfied with my study. 我的父亲对我的学业比较满意。
5）lover（n.）1.情人；2.爱好者
For example： book lover 爱书的人
6）fascinating（a.）迷人的，销魂夺魄的
3.核心单词
1）considerable（a.）1.值得考虑的，重要的；2.相当大或多的
2）consider（vt.）1.考虑，细想；2.认为，把…看作
（vi.）考虑，细想
3）bare（a.）1.赤裸的，光秃的；2.无遮蔽的，无掩护的；3.仅仅的，勉强的
4.Phrases and Expressions
1）to take a liking to（for）爱好，喜欢
责任编辑：小草
您现在的位置： 