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2009年自考英语(一)主要单词、句子及考点:unit18
来源:优易学 2011-6-17 14:07:17   【优易学:中国教育考试第一门户】   资料下载   学历书店


  export-oriented industries(外向型工业)
  an education-oriented family(一个重视教育的家庭)
  test-oriented teaching and learning(以应试为目的的教学)
  13.Immovable adj. 不可移动的;坚定不移的
  这个词的词根是move,-able是形容词后缀;im-是反义词前缀,通常在m,p开首的单词前。如:impassable(无法通过的),importable(可进口的),immedicable(无法医治的)等等。
  1)Father was immovable in his opinions.(父亲的意志坚定不移。)
  2)He didn't expect that he would face an immovable audience.(他没料到他将面对一群不动情的观众。)
  3)What are you going to do with this immovable pillar?(这根移动不了的柱子你打算怎么处理?)
  14.arrangement n. 安排;布置;整齐
  arrange v. 安排;布置
  1)Have you made all the arrangements for the conference?(你为会议做好所有安排了吗?)
  2)He wants to make sure that everything is in neat arrangement.(他想确保一切都整整齐齐。)
  3)She didn't want to after the arrangement of furniture in the room.(她不想改变房间里家俱的位置。)
  4)I will make arrangements for a car to meet you at the airport.(我将安排一辆汽车去机场接你。)
  5)The librarian is arranging the books on the shelf.(图书管理员正在整理架子上的图书。)
  6)Don't worry, I will arrange the dinner for you.(别急,我为你们安排晚餐。)
  7)They have arranged for us to visit the Confucius Temple tomorrow.(他们已安排我们明天游夫子庙。)
  8)I have arranged for the goods to be delivered to your door.(我已为你安排好送货上门。)
  15.Interfere v. 干涉;妨碍,干扰
  1)We have no rights to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.(我们无权干涉他国内政。)
  2)Don't interfere in other people’s business.(不要干预他人的事情。)
  3)Misty weather interfered with the contact.(雾天妨碍了联络。)
  4)He has done nothing that directly interfered with the actions of the others.(他没做任何直接妨碍他人行动的事。)
  16.accordance n. 一致;符合
  1)Education is carried out in accordance with the government's policy.(教育在依据政府的政策实施。)
  2)In accordance with your request I am sending her the letter express.(根据你的要求,我准备给她发特快信。)
  3)I am in accordance with him in this matter.(在这件事上,我同他是一致的。)
  17.reliance n. 信赖;依靠
  rely v. 依赖;相信
  1)She placed complete reliance on her husband's judgment.(她完全相信她丈夫的判断。)
  2)Self-reliance is necessary if you want to achieve anything.(如果你想有所成就,自力更生是很必要的。)
  3)He is a man to be relied on.(他是一个可以信赖的人。)
  4)You can always rely on him, he won't fail you.(你可以永远信任他,他不会让你失望的。)
  5)We can rely on our children to do such work.(这样的工作我们可以放心地让孩子们去做。)
  18.rightful adj. 合法的;正义的;正当的
  请注意区别right和rightful.Right强调同事实没有偏差,rightful指事物符合道德或法律的约束。
  1)He regained his rightful place on the English throne.(他恢复了应属于他的英国王位。)
  2)The rightful heir should obtain his rightful inheritance.(合法的继承人应获得其合法的继承权。)
  3)It is the right approach to the command of grammar.(这是掌握语法的正确途径。)
  4)I believe what he said is right.(我相信他说的是对的。)
  本课简介
  今天,地图上上为北标示在我们的眼里极其自然。很难想像出会有一幅不以上为北的地图。但是当我们试图去了解地图绘制的历史时,我们会有超乎想像的发现。
  世界上古老的地图绘于公元前3800年。几个世纪以后,是古希腊人开始用相对科学的方式来绘制地图,其最杰出的先驱是托勒密。古巴 比伦人以扁平的圆盘状来展现地球,而托勒密则以球状来展现地球。鉴于当时人们的知识的状态,托勒密在绘制地图时也出了种种差错,但是他是标示地图的上方为 北方的第一人。
  到了中世纪,欧洲教会严重阻碍了科学的发展。因为耶路撒冷是基督教的圣地,于是地图的上方便改换为东方。直到十四世纪,由于贸易的发展,以及人们对指南针的日益加剧的依赖,北方终又成为地图的上方。
  本课主要句型
  1.Now it is hard to visualize a map that does not feature north at the top, but this was not always so.
  本句中it做形式主语(formal subject),to visualize a map……。是真正的主语(real subject)。用it 做形式主语, 主要是因为主语较长,谓语较短,于是不定式常放在谓语的后面。例如:
  1)It is necessary to tell him the news as soon as possible.(尽快把这消息告诉他是很必要的。)
  2)It took us 30 minutes to get there by bus.(坐公共汽车到那儿花了我们30分钟时间。)
  3)It made us very angry to see him talk to the old man in such an impolite manner.(看到他以如此不礼貌的方式与那位老人谈话,我们非常气愤。)
  4)How much did it cost you to send the parcel express?(速递这个包裹花了你多少钱?)
  请翻译下列句子,注意用做形式主语:
  1)掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。
  2)能来参加这个晚宴是我们的荣幸。
  3)我们不帮助他们是错误的。
  4)他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智的。
  上面的四个句子可以翻译为:
  1) It is not easy to master a foreign language.
  2) It is our honor to be present at this dinner party.
  3)It was a mistake for us not to help them.
  4)It is unwise of them to turn sown the suggestion.
  Visualize是一个动词,意思是 imagine (想像)。在词汇部分我们讲到过-ize是动词后缀。常用在形容词后面构成动词,如:localize(局部化,地方化), urbanize (城市化),nationalize (使国有化), finalize(最后定下来)visualize 这个动词,我们在第四单元中已经学过,请把下面两个句子译成英语,注意使用 visualize:
  1)我难以想像等待着我的将会是什么。
  2)一整天,他都在想像着将在教堂举行的婚礼。
  这两句话可以译为:
  1) I cannot visualize what is waiting for me.
  2) He has been visualizing the wedding ceremony to be held at the church for the whole day.
  ……this was not always so中的 so 是个代词,意思是“如此,这样”,如:
  1)——I think you made the wrong decision.
  ——Is that so? (是这样吗?)
  2)It is not necessary to find out why it is so.(去了解为什么如此是没有必要的。)
  3)I believe so.(我相信是这样。)
  2.The oldest known map in the accepted sense of the word was drawn about 3,800BC, and represents the river Euphrates flowing through northern Mesopotamia, Irag.
  本句中的known是过去分词做形容词用,意思是“已知的”,在某些语境中,known意为“著名的”。如:
  1)This is the most dangerous substance known to man.(这是人类已知的最危险的物质。)
  2)It has become a well known holiday resort.(这儿已成为著名的度假胜地。)
  in the…sense of the word 意思是“就这个词的…意义上而言”,如:
  1)It is a miracle in the true sense of the word.(这是真正的奇迹。)
  2)That is an adventure in every sense of the word.(那才叫冒险。)
  sense是个常用词,请看下面的句子,注意sense的词意。
  1) He has a great sense of humor.(他很有幽默感。)
  2) There is some common sense in what he says.(他所说的话有些道理。)
  3)What's the sense of doing that since it is already late?(既然已经晚了,做那件事还有什么意义呢?)
  4)She came to her senses after a blood transfusion. (输血之后,他苏醒过来。)
  5)In a sense what he said is true.(在某种意义上说,他说的话是正确的。)
  6)Her explanation doesn't make any sense.(她的解释讲不通。)
  7)I cannot make sense of what has written.(她写的东西我弄不懂。)
  3.This and others that followed it, were little more than rough sketches of localized features; it was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound-footing.
  本句中的前一个it是代指上句中的the oldest known map. Little more than 的意思是 almost no more than(只不过是)。请注意下列句子中的little的意思:
  1) He is little better than a bookworm. (他简直跟书呆子差不多。)
  2) That is little short of open scorn.(那简直就是公然藐视。)
  It was not until…that…。是一个常见的强调句型,意思是“直到…才”。如:
  1) It was not until the cat emerged from behind the bushes that I noticed it.(直到猫从灌木后面出来,我才注意到它。)
  2) It was not until he called me that I realized there was a meeting in the afternoon.(直到他给我打电话我才想起下午有个会。)
  3)It was not until several weeks later that the stolen car was found.(几个星期以后那辆失窃的汽车才被找到。)
  请翻译下列句子,注意使用上述句型。
  1)直到20世纪60年代人类才实现登上月球的梦想。
  2)直到昨天他才被告知真相。
  3)直到妈妈来幼儿园接他,那孩子才停止哭泣。
  这三个句子可以翻译为:
  1) It was not until the 1960S that man realized the dream of landing on the moon.
  2) It was not until yesterday that he was told the truth.
  3)It was not until mother came to the kinder-garter to collect him that the boy stopped crying.
  place sth. on a sound footing 意思是“把…置于坚实的基础上”。
  4.The last great scientist of the classical period, he was the first to draw a map that was based on all available knowledge, rather than guess or imagination.
  The last great scientist of the classical period, 在本句中做同位语,对主语he作进一步的补充说明。
  Be based on 意思是“以……为基础”。
  Guess在句中做名词用,意思是“推测,猜想”。
  Rather than在本句中的意思相当于instead of “而不是”。
  1)I have used some simple words rather than the difficult ones.(我用了一些简单词汇而不是难词。)
  2)He bought two books rather than one.(他买了两本书而不是一本。)
  3)Rather than go back on his word, he kept his promise.(他没有食言,而是言而有信。)
  5.Given the state of knowledge of those times, he got things wrong, ……

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