例如:
×To save money, the bus was taken instead of plane.
√To save money, we took the bus instead of plane.
让我们看一道2005年11月份的三级试题:
To succeed in a scientific experiment,______.
A.one needs being patient person.
B.patience is to need.
C.one needs to be patient.
D.patience is what needed.
答案:C
2.不定式的逻辑主语
如要表明不定式或不定式的动作发出者(即逻辑主语),就要在不定式前用for+名词(或代词的宾格)。如:
Is the road wide enough for two cars to pass?
The conference is too important for you to miss.
3.不定式的时态和语态
不定式有一般、完成、进行等几种常用的形式,也有主动和被动语态的区别。以study为例:
主动/被动一般式to study; to be studied
进行式to be studying
完成式to have studied; to have been studied
1)不定式的时态
不定式的一般式(to do)所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作是同时发生,或是在其后发生的。如:
Thousands of young people are learning to ski.
不定式的进行式(to be doing)所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时进行的,而且是正在进行的。如:
They seemed to be getting along quite well.
不定式的完成进行时(to have done)表示限于谓语动词之前发生的动作或状态,to have + V-ed 表示动作,to have been 表示状态。如:
She seems to have finished her work.
不定式的完成进行时表示动作在谓语动词之前发生,而且一直进行着。如:
She was happy to have been staying with her aunt.
2)不定式的语态
每个不定式都有其逻辑主语,如果逻辑主语是动作的发出者,不定式用主动式,如果其逻辑主语是动作的承受者,不定式用被动式。如:
The doctor recommended him to air the room.
医生建议他打扫房间。
The doctor recommended the room to be aired.
医生建议打扫房间。
考试重点:使用不带to的不定式的几种情况
(1)在口语中,以why开头的简单问句中。例如:
Why do it that way?
Why not go out for a walk?
(2)某些使役动词,如make, let,have等后面跟动词不定时作宾语补足语时,用省略to的不定式。如:
Let him do it.让他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。
(3)表示生理感觉的动词后接不定时作宾语补足语时,不定式不带to.这类词有:
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 hear听到
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知
notice注意 see看见 look at看
注意:
表示 "感觉"的动词,既可以用不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语,又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,但两者有含义上的差别。现在分词作这些动词的宾语补足语,表示动作的进行,以不带to的不定式作这些动词的宾语补足语,表示动作的完成。
例如:
I heard her playing the violin.
我听到她在拉小提琴.
I don't see the ball break the window.
我没有看到球砸坏玻璃.
注意:
上述使役动词与感觉动词转换为被动结构时,其后的不定式需带to,如:
He was seen to come.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
(4)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如:
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.
昨天晚上,除了看电视,我什么也没干。
但是,如果谓语动词不是"do nothing,anything,everything",那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带to.
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.
医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。
There was nothing for them to do but remain silent.
除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别的办法。
记忆口诀:
前面有do,后面省to,前面无do,后面带to.
(5)下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法,只能用省to的不定式形式。
can not help but do(不得不)
can not but do(不得不)
cannot choose but do(只能)
have no choice but do (只能)
had better do(最好)
would rather do(宁愿)
例如:
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
责任编辑:mman