构词法是行之有效的传统记词法, 据统计可覆盖80%的英语词汇, 虽然实际有效率要低于此数. 采用这种方法记单词可大大减轻记忆量. 如:
expel 驱逐
impel驱动
dispel驱散
I 构词法的成分分为前缀, 词根和后缀
1. 前缀prediction = pre-dict-ion =预言
2. 词根prediction www.yingyusanji.com
3. 后缀prediction
II 构词成分之间经常需补上一个元音字母或一个音节, 使之便于发音, 如:
centigrade = cent-i-grade = 100级=摄氏
illuminate = il-lu-min-ate = to+light+补足成分+ v.=照亮
III 构词成分常有省略现象, 如字母x后的s常省略:
exert = ex (s) ert 运用, 施行
后缀也有变体:
table—tabular. (ble=n. bular=adj.)
grain—granular. (grain=n. granular=adj.)
后缀还有共享形式:
articulate=article-ate=象文章一样=清晰的, 有条理的distinct, clear.
例: That man is not very articulate. articulate=article-ate=发音清晰地说, 表现(思想).
V 化学、医学名词常取形容词后缀形式:
desiccant干燥剂
retardant抑制剂
additive添加剂
precipitant沉淀剂
propellant推进剂(火药)
repellent驱虫剂, 防护剂
VI 英语中存在许多可互换的字母,如:
p—b: describe—description
f—v: wife—wives, life—lives
v—w: vin—win (invincible = not-win-ible=不可战胜) vaste=waste (devastate)
词根
词根是构词法的核心,记住了词根就可以举一反三,快速扩大词汇量,本文只选部分核心词根,都是必知道的:
anim=mind
magnanimous =magn-anim-ous=great-mind-a.=宽宏大量的
unanimous =uni-anim-ous=one-mind-a.=一致同意的
pusillanimous =pusill-anim-ous=small-mind-a.=怯懦的
aqu=water
aquatic =aqu-tic=water-a.=水生的
aquarium =aqu-rium=water-place=水族馆,水箱
aqueduct =aqu-duct=water-pipe=水沟
aquanaut =aqu-naut=water-sailor=深水操作人员
bio=life
autobiography =auto-bio-graphy=self-life-book=自传
amphibian =amphi-bio-an=two-life-a.=两栖的
antibiotic =anti-bio-tic=against-life-a.=抗生素
symbiosis sym-bio-sis=together-life-n.=共生
cline=lean倾斜
decline =de-cline=down-lean=下降
incline =in-cline=to-lean=倾向于
recline =re-cline=back-lean=斜倚
count=数
discount dis-count=away-count=折扣
recount re-count=又数一遍=详述
责任编辑:mman