第二,宏观型理解。
很多同学分析句子的时候,一头扎到单词堆里面,对表义不明、临时拼凑的单词或词组花了大力气琢磨,最后因过于追求具体信息的理解而失去了整个句子大意的把握。就好比走进一幢建筑,如果我们把注意力放在每一块砖是怎样砌在一起的,我们就不能看清房子的结构,只见树木不见森林。在句子层面,我们更需要关注的是句子的大概结构,切不可因小失大,尤其当句子里面遇到很多表义模糊的概念时,更应该抓大放小。
请看下例:
In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as well as such details important notwithstading, as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages on the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing.(1995年6月)
很多同学看到这个句子的时,一头扎到具体信息中去,在思考很多具体搭配的同时,忽视了整句话的结构,所以看完句子后不知所云。当我们在关注“central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom”这部分信息的时候,我们已经忽视了句子成分在句子中的地位问题,而这个问题必须要有句子的宏观把握才能看清。Such as引导的应该是举例成分,在句子里面扮演的是次要角色,是对前面内容的细化补充,所以“such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on”这个举例成分就应该快看粗看,不理解确切含义也问题不大。类似的,“easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish”,“storage places for baby carriages on the ground floor”,“playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings”, 以及“drying grounds for washing”这些表达方式都不是关键信息,因为这些信息其实都是such…… as这个词组引导的举例成分。如果我们没有这种跳出细节把握宏观的意识,就不能分析出重点与非重点,从而不能判断这部分可以略看还是细看
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