【参考译文】奇怪的是也许已经从雄心壮志中获益最多的正是他们——如果不是他们自己的雄心，那么就是他们父母的和祖父母的。
【真题例句】What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide。(2001阅读2)
【结构分析】该句子中，what引导主语从句What was less visible then，并在主语从句中充当主语。主干表语部分包含由that引导的定语从句that work against the digital divide修饰forces，关系代词that指代forces在从句中作主语。
【参考译文】然而，一些新的可以防止这种信息差距出现的积极因素在当时并不如现在这样明显。
【真题例句】What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined。(2002阅读2)
【结构分析】本句的主干What they found is that…被分隔结构in attempting to model thought所作的状语隔开。主语为what引导的名词性从句充当，what在从句中充当宾语。表语为that引导的名词性从句充当，在此从句中，使用了比较结构，破折号之间的部分为对前文he human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented的补充说明。
【参考译文】在试图模仿人类思维的过程中，研究人员发现人类大脑的约一千亿个神经细胞比以前想象得要聪明的多，人类的知觉活动也比以前想象得复杂。
【真题例句】What we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain。(2006阅读4)
【结构分析】本句子主干为what…—what…—is that…两个what引导主语从句，在主语从句中分别充当宾语，that引导的表语从句happiness is more than…中包含一个比较结构。
【参考译文】但是我们所忘记的——我们的经济指望我们忘却的——是幸福而不仅仅是没有痛苦的快乐。
2.Wh-引导宾语从句
【真题例句】Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next。(2000阅读4)
【结构分析】本句为由but并列的转折关系两个分句。but后是由and并列的两个分句，在第二个分句中，know的宾语部分由where引导的从句充当。
【参考译文】10年前，日本人工作勤奋，将工作视为他们存在的主要理由，但现在日本大体上已经满足了其经济需求，年轻人却不知道他们下一步的目标在哪里。
【真题例句】When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。(2000阅读5)
【结构分析】本句句首为when引导的时间状语从句，主句为it is advisable to find out…，其中it是形式主语，后面的不定式结构是真正的主语。在不定式结构中，find out的宾语由what引导的名词性从句充当，what在从句中作be aiming at的宾语。for直到句末表示原因，包含一个however引导的让步状语从句，however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today，真正的主句是it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal，仍然是it作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的名词性从句。
【参考译文】当一种新的艺术运动开始流行时，一种明智的做法是弄清楚它的倡议者们的真正意图。因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来是多么牵强和荒谬，在未来这些理论很可能被认为是正常的东西。
【真题例句】However，there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available，or when human cloning will be perfected，or when time travel will be possible。(2001英译汉)
【结构分析】本句主干是一个there be 句型there are still no forecasts for…，for连接的介宾短语后置作forecasts的定语。其中宾语的部分由三个when引导的名词性从句充当，when在从句中作状语，这三个从句由连词or并列。
【参考译文】然而，对于何时能够进行超光速旅行，何时人类克隆技术得到完善，何时时间旅行成为可能，仍未作出预测。
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