(3)
Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as "Help Wanted", "Real Estate," "Lost and Found" are made, the rate charged being less than that for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who, is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertiser may, on this account, use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.
It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the reader's attention.
Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is vying with others in the same group for the reader's attention. In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement. This is particularly true of realestate advertising.
81. Classified advertising is different to display advertising because
A) all advertisements of a certain type are grouped together
B) it is more distinguished
C) it is more expensive
D) nowadays the classified advertisements are all of the same size
82. One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement is
A) house for sale
B) people who are asking for help
C) people who are lost
D) real antiques for sale
83. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisements, according to the writer?
A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.
B) They are looking for something they need.
C) They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.
D) They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.
84. What does the writer say about the classified advertisements that used to be put in the papers?
A) They used to be voluntary.
B) They used to use display type.
C) They were all the same size.
D) They were more formal.
85. Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance, according to the writer?
A) Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.
B) Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.
C) Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be smaller now.
D) Because there are more advertisements now and more competition amongst advertisers. .
(4)
Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, came in from the adjoining store and briskly cleaned the blackboard. He was a retired African sergeant from the Army Medical Corps and was feared by the boys. If he caught any of them in any petty thieving, he offered them the choice of a hard smack on the bottom or of being reported to the science masters. Most boys chose the former as they knew the matter would end there with no long interviews, moral arguments and an entry in the conduct book.
The science master, a man called Vernier, stepped in and stood on his small platform. Vernier set the experiments for the day and demonstrated them, then retired behind the "Church Times" which he read seriously in between walking quickly along the rows of laboratory benches, advising boys. It was a simple heat experiment to show that a dark surface gave out more heat by radiation than a bright surface.
During the class, Vernier was called away to the telephone and Abu was not about, having retired to the lavatory for a smoke. As soon as a posted guard announced that he was out of sight, minor pandemonium ('N k) broke out. Some of the boys raided the store. The wealthier ones took rubber tubing to make catapults and to repair bicycles, and helped themselves to chemicals for developing photographic films. The poorer boys, with a more determined aim, took only things of strict commercial interst which could be sold easily in the market. They emptied stuff into bottles in their pockets. Soda for making soap, magnesium sulphate for opening medicine, salt for cooking, liquid paraffin for women's hairdressing, and fine yellow iodoform powder much in demand for sprinkling on sores. Kojo objected mildly to all this. "Oh, shut up!" a few boys said. Sorie, a huge boy who always wore a fez indoors, commanded respect and some leadership in the class. He was gently drinking his favourite mixture of diluted alcohol and bicarbonate----which he called "gin and fizz"----from a beaker. "Look here, Kojo, you are getting out of hand. What do you think our parents pay taxes and school fees for? For us to enjoy----or to buy a new car every year for Simpson? " The other boys laughed. Simpson was the European headmaster, feared by the small boys, adored by the boys in the middle school, and liked, in a critical fashion, with reservations, by some of the senior boys and African masters. He had a passion for new motor-cars, buying one yearly.
"Come to think of it," Sorie continued to Kojo, "you must take something yourself, then we'll know we are safe," "Yes, you must," the other boys insisted. Kojo gave in and, unwillingly, took a little nitrate for some gunpowder experiments which he was carrying out at home. "Someone!" the look-out called.
The boys ran back to their seats in a moment. Sorie washed out his mouth, at the sink with some water. Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, entered and observed the innocent expression on the faces of the whole class.
He looked round fiercely and suspiciously, and then sniffed the air. It was a physics experiment, but the place smelled chemical. However, Vemier came in then. After asking if anyone was in difficulties, and finding that no one could in a moment think up anything, he retired to his chair and settled down to an article on Christian reunion.
86, The boys were afraid of Mr Abu because
A) he had been an Army sergeant and had military ideas of discipline
B) he reported them to the Science masters whenever he caught them petty thieving
C) he was cruel
D) he believed in strict discipline
87. When the boys were caught petty thieving, they usually chose to be beaten by Mr Abu because
A) he gave them only one hard smack instead of the six from their teachers
B) they did not want to get a bad reputation with their teachers
C) they were afraid of their science masters
D) his punishment was quicker than their teachers'
88. Some boys took chemicals like soda and iodoform powder because
A) they liked to set up stalls in the marked and sell things, like traders
B) they were too poor to buy things like soap and medicine
C) they wanted money and could sell such things quickly
D) they needed things like soap and medicine for sores
89. A big difference between Kojo and Sorie was that
A) Kojo took chemicals for some useful experiment but Sorie only wasted his in making an alcoholic drink.
B) Sorie was rich but Kojo was poor
C) Kojo had a guilty conscience but Sorie did not
D) when Kojo objected. Sorie proved that what they were doing was reasonable
90. On entering the laboratory, Mr Abu was immediately suspicious because
A) the whole class was looking so innocent
B) he was a suspicious man by nature
C) there was no teacher in the room
D) he could smell chemicals and he knew it was a physics lesson
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