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How Two Great Conflicts Helped to Change Europe Ninety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France，something happened that changed B．retain and Europe for even At half past seven on the morning of July 1,1916，whistles(哨子)blew and thousands of British soldiers left their positions to attack their German enemies．By the end of the day,20，000 of them were dead，and another 30，000 wounded or missing．The Battle of the Somme，_________(51)it is called，lasted for six months．When, it ended，125，000 British soldiers were dead. They had gained five kilometers of ground．
This was one of a series of great battles during WWI．The attack on the Somme was staged to relieve_________(52)on the French，who were engaged in a great battle of their own at a place called Verdun．By the time the battle ended，over a million French and German troops had been killed．
About 1 7 million people were killed in WWI．There have been wars with greater numbers of dead．But there has never been one in________(53)most of the dead were concentrated in such a small area．on the Somme battlefield，two men died for every meter of space．
Local farmers working in the land sit________(54)the bodies of those who died in that battle．The dead of all nations were buried in a series of giant graveyards along the line of the border________(55)France and Belgium．Relatives and descendants (子孙)of those who died still visit these graveyards today．What the French call the "tourism of death"________(56)an important contribution to the Iowa economy．
It took a second great conflict before Europe was to turn_________(57)war itself．Twenty—eight years after the Somme battle'，a、liberating amyl of British，American and Canadian troops took back than 500，000 people were killed，New_______(58)from another German invasion．More_______(59)were built.
Two great conflicts across two generations helped to change the European mind about war．Germany, once the most warlike country in Europe，is now probably more in (60)of peace than any other．One major cause of war in Europe was rivalry(竞争)between France and Germany．The European Union was specifically formed to end that ________(61)．
According to US commentator William Pfaff。"Europeans are interested in a slow development of civilized and tolerant international relations，——(62)on problems while avoiding catastrophes(灾难)along the way．They have themselves only recently________(63)from the catastrophes of VVWI and WWI I，when tens of millions of people were destroyed．They don’t want_______(64)．"
The last British veteran of the Somme battle died in 2005，aged 108．And WWI is passing out of memory and into history．But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans _________(65)，it is still important to know a little about the terrible events of July 1, 1916.
51 A since B because C as D for
52 A aggression B anxiety C pressure D resistance
53 A where B which C why D that
54 A find B look for C seek D look at
55 A among B on C in D between
56 A makes B brings C gives D adds
57 A into B to C in D against
58 A America B Britain Canada D France
59 A monuments B graveyards C tablets D gravestones
60 A hatred B suspicion C favor D fear
61 A war B rivalry C battle D revenge
62 A compromising B confronting C attacking D fighting
63 A repeated B recovered C repaired D relaxed
64 A much B many C more D less
65 A behave B assume C know D think
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