例题解析：
Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a child's teachers may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案及解析：
1． 文章主题分析：Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well
2． 直接解题：
1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
1. A。
理解问题句：问题句说“与学习外语的成年人相比，儿童学习母语很容易。”。
信息划分：Compared with adults learning a foreign language（1）, children learn their native language with ease（2）
确认答案线索词：adult和 children， 因为它们是该句内容的中心。于是我们很快在第1段的段首句中发现children， 而在随后的一句中发现adult。研究这两段的语义：How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? (与信息2的内容一致)When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language(与信息1的内容一致), we often find this interesting fact.
前一句说“为什么孩子学习他们的母语学得这么好？”，后一句接着说“当我们把孩子和学习外语的成年人比较时，我们发现了这个有趣的事实。”，依据这两句判断该问题句实际上是对原文中这两个句子的总结说明。
2. Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2． C。
理解问题句：问题句说“成年人的知识和智力阻碍了他们对外语的掌握。”
信息划分：可以把整个句子看成一层信息。
确认答案线索词：Adults' knowledge and mental powers，因为它们是该句内容的中心。
于是我们很快在第1段的第3句中发现mental powers，A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? 该句说“智力充分发展的成年人，在大多数的情况下，对外语的掌握是错误的和不准确的。”。而下文延伸到新话题--中谈到的是造成成年人和孩子学习外语差异的原因（Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place,..），而且问题句中的另一个核心词汇“Adults' knowledge”根本就没有出现，因此判断答案为“没提到”。
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