Soviet-American Relations
In the fall of 1946. President Truman asked for a comprehensive study of Soviet- American relations,which he knew would be the central problem of American foreign policy. The result was an important state paper prepared through the Secretary of State(国务), the Secretary of War. the Attorney General(检察长). the Secretary of the Navy, Fleet Adrmiral(海军司令) Leahy (who had been Roosevelt's chief military adviser), the Joint Chiefs of Staff(参谋长联席会议主席). Ambassador Edwin W．Pauley (in charge of negotiating postwar reparations), the Director of Central Intelligence(中央情报局局长), and other persons with special knowledge of foreign affairs.The document was imposing in its scope and depth, comprising nearly a hundred thousand words and divided into an introduction and six sections. It dealt with Soviet foreign policy, Soviet-American agreements, Soviet violations of its agreements with the U. S.,conflicting views on reparations, Soviet activities affecting American security, and U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union.
This study Truman asked for was drafted on the premise (前提) that only through an accurate understanding of the Soviet Union would the U. S. be able to make and carry out policies that would re-establish international order and protect the U. S. at all times. The key, according to the study; was to realize' that Moscow's leaders adhered to the Marxist theory of ultimate destruction of capitalist states by communist states, but that they sought to postpone the inevitable conflict while they strengthened and prepared the Soviet Union for its clash with the Western democracies: The study said Moscow's main concern regarding the other nations of Western Europe was to prevent the formation of a Western bloc (集团). It noted, too, that Red Army troops and Russian planes in combat readiness outnumbered American units opposite them in Germany, Austria, and Korea in overwhelming strength, placing U.S.forces literally at the mercy of the Soviet government.
36. The text associates President Truman with
A. peace with honor.
B. anti-Communist sentiment
C. the long-standing Cold, War
D. Western imperialism (帝国主义)
37. The author's attitude toward Truman seems to be
A. supportive
B. skeptical
C. worshipful
D. hostile
38. It can be concluded that the study described in the text was notable for its
A. far-reaching effects
B. controversial wording
C. objectivity
D. completeness
39. The text implies that U.S. forces in 1946 needed to
A. engage in a new sort of training
B. be strengthened
C. confront Soviet forces
D. re-train themselves
40. The state paper described in this passage did not deal with
A. agreements between the Soviet Union and the U. S.
B. those Russian activities relevant to U.S. security
C. the Truman policy of containment (遏制)
D. the foreign policy of the Russians
参考译文
美苏关系
1946年秋天，杜鲁门总统要求对美苏关系展开全面的研究。他知道这个问题将成为美国外交政策的核心。研究的结果是产生了一份重要的政府文件，参与撰写的包括国务卿、战争部长、检察长、海军部长、海军司令莱希(他曾是罗斯福的首席军事顾问)、参谋长联席会议主席、埃德文.w.波利大使(负责谈判战后赔款问题)、中央情报局局长以及其他通晓外交事务特殊知识的人员。该文件所涉及的广度和深度都极为可观，包括近10万字，分为引言和六大部分。它涉及的内容包括：苏联外交政策；美苏协定；苏联对与美国签订的协定的践踏；赔款问题上的分歧；苏联影响美国安全的活动；美国对苏联的政策。
杜鲁门要求做这项研究的前提是，只有在准确了解苏联的基础上，美国才能制定并执行重建国际秩序和永远保卫美国的政策。研究得出的关键一点是，美国意识到莫斯科的领导人坚信马克思理论，认为共产主义国家最终能够消灭资本主义国家，但是他们试图推延这一不可避免的冲突，努力使苏联更加强大从而可以与西方民主国家相抗衡。研究表明，莫斯科最关注的有关西欧其他国家的事情是要阻止西方集团的形成。它同时指出，在德国、奥地利和朝鲜，处于备战状态下的红军和苏联飞机已远远超过了美国部队的规模，实际上美国军队已经完全处于苏联政府的威胁之下。
责任编辑：sealion1986
