Genghis Khan(成吉思汗)
Genghis Khan, the great Mongol conqueror, was horn in about 1162. His father, a petty (小的) Mongol chieftain(头人) ; named the boy Temujin(铁木真), after a defeated rival chieftain, and for some years the surviving members of the family lived in constant danger and privation (贫困). This was an inauspicious (不详的) beginning, hut Temujin's situation was to become a lot worse before it got better. When he was a young man, he was captured in a raid by a rival tribe. To prevent his escaping, a wooden collar was placed around his neck. From this extremity of helplessness as an illiterate prisoner in a primitive, barren country, Temujin rose to become the most powerful man in the world.
His rise started when he managed to escape from his captors. He then allied himself with Roghril, a friend of his father's, and chieftain of one of the related tries living in the area. There followed many years of internecine warfare(部族战争) among these various Mongol tribes, in the course of which Temujin gradually fought his way to the top.
The tribesmen of Mongolia had long been known as skilled horsemen and fierce warriors. Throughout history, they had made sporadic(零星的) raids into northern China. However, before the rise of Temujin, thevarious tribes had always spent most of their energy in fighting each other. By a combination of military prowess(武力), diplomacy, ruthlessness(冷酷无情)and organizational ability, Temujin managed to weld(联合)all of these tribes together under his leadership, and in 1206 an assembly of the Mongol chieftains pro- claimed him Genghis Khan, or "the universal emperor".
The formidahle(可怕的)military machine that Genghis Khan had assembled was then turned outward upon neighboring nations. He first attacked the Western Xia state in northwestern China and the Jin Empire in northern China. While these battles Were going on, a dispute arose between Genghis Khan and the Khwarezm Shah Muhammad, who ruled a considerable empire in Persia and central Asia.In 1219, Genghis led his armies against the Khwarezm Shah. Central Asia and Persia were overrun, and the Khwarezm Shah's empire was completely destroyed. While other Mongol armies were attacking Russia, Genghis Khan himself led a raid into Afghanistan and northern India. He returned to Mongolia in 1225, and died there in 1227,
31. Temujin was a name given to the boy
A. by Genghis Khan.
B.by a defeated rival chieftain.
C. by the great Mongol conqueror.
D. by his father.
32. What became of Temujin after his father's death?
A. He was driven to despair.
B. He was put in prison.
C. He was reduced to begging for a living.
D. He was forced to leave his own country.
33. How did Temujin rise to the top?
A. By associating himself with his captors.
B. By uniting the oppressed people against their rulers.
C. By allying himself with a friend of his father's.
D. By making a surprised attack on the captors.
34. It can be inferred from this passage that Mongolians were well experienced in__________
A. horse-riding and fighting.
B. farming and horse-riding,
C. hunting and horse-riding,
D. fighting and farming,
35. When did Genghis Khan attack his neighboring nations?
A. Before 1206.
B. In 1206.
C. In 1225.
D. Between 1206 and 1219.
参考译文
成吉思汗
伟大的蒙古首领成吉思汗出生于ll62年。他的父亲，一个很小的蒙古头人，给他取名铁木真，这是一个战败了的敌方头人的名字。很多年以来，这个家族中的成员都生活在持续不断的危险和贫困之中，这是一个不祥的开端。但在情况有所好转之前，铁木真所处的境况将会更糟。他年轻的时候，在一次敌对部族的突然袭击当中，他被俘虏了。敌人为防止他逃跑，在他的脖子上套上了一个木制的枷锁。作为一个原始荒芜国家的文盲犯人，他所感到的极度无助后来使他成为世界上权力最大的人。
铁木真地位的上升是从他成功逃脱敌人的魔掌开始的。然后，他同他父亲的一个朋友托夫里尔以及居住在同一地区的一个部族首领联合起来。随之而来的是蒙古各部族之间长期的互相残杀。正是在这个过程中，铁木真逐步杀出一条通往最高权力的道路。
蒙古族人长期以来是以骑术精良和骁勇好战而闻名。历史上，他们曾时断时续地对中国的北部进行了多次袭击。但是，在铁木真的地位上升之前，各族之间一直热衷于互相残杀。他凭着杰出的军事才能、外交手段、冷酷无情以及组织能力，成功地把所有这些部族征服在他的麾下，并在1206年，被蒙古首领会议尊为成吉思汗，或“宇宙之王”。
接着，成吉思汗组装起来的这台令人望而生畏的战争机器转向周围的邻国。他首先攻打了中国西北部的西夏政权和北部的金国，在这些战斗进行的同时，成吉思汗又和统治波斯和中亚的Khwarezm Shah Muhammad发生争端。于是在1219年，成吉思汗率军攻打了 Khwarezm Shah，并占领了波斯和中亚地区。Khwarezm Shah的王国被彻底摧毁了。这时，其他的蒙古军队正攻打俄国，成吉思汗则亲自率军征讨阿富汗和印度北部。1225年，他回到蒙古国，并于l227年死去
责任编辑：sealion1986
