二、匹配题
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第二部分：阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
Smoking
Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.
Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
4 ------ 请选择 E
标准答案： B,A,A,C
解析：1. B.该题考察考生的推断/或总结概括能力。利用hazardous(问题句中的修饰词)作为答案线索词，这样找到答案相关句：Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard(hazardous的名词形式).该句说“自从1939年以来， 已经进行了许多次实验以确定是否吸烟会对健康造成危害。”， 因此可以推断出判断“吸烟是否有害”并不容易。
2. A。借助常识判断该句说法正确，因此答案可能是正确或没提到(提示：违背我们常识和/或背景知识的内容往往都是错误的)。利用题干中life expectancy(新信息)作为答案线索词，直接在文章中找到答案相关句： Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.该句说“研究小组所做出的研究结果都表明吸烟与寿命的缩短有关， 这些研究结果不容质疑。”该句内容与问题句的说法一致， 因此答案为正确。
3. A。 借助背景知识判断该句说法正确，因此推测答案可能是正确或没提到。利用题干中的lung cancer(特征词)作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到答案相关句：Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.划线结构的内容说“从事这一领域研究的大部分研究工作者都认为吸烟是导致肺癌的一个重要因素。”因此判断问题句的说法正确。
4. C。 利用题干中的breast cancer(特征词)作为答案线索词，没有在文章中找到包含该答案线索词的句子， 所以判断问题句的说法为“没提到”。
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5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Nicotine is poisonous.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准答案： B,A,B
解析：5. B。 该题考察考生的推断能力。 利用题干中的heart disease，male smokers， female smokers(特征词)作为答案线索词，这样找到答案相关句： Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.以上两句说“男性烟民死于心脏病的概率高于男性不吸烟者。 女性烟民被认为受到较小的影响， 因为她们不会象男性烟民那样把烟深深地吸入肺里”。综合这两句内容可以得出的结论应该是“女性烟民死于心脏病的概率要低于男性烟民”， 因此判断问题句的说法不正确。
6. A。 借助背景知识判断该句说法正确，因此推测答案可能是正确或没提到。利用题干中的Nicotine(特征词)作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到答案相关词句：There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar(焦油). 该题考察考生对非限制定语从句的理解。 which is powerful poison是非限制定语从句， 修饰前面的名词Nicotine， 该从句的内容是“有着很强的毒性的(尼古丁)”， 因此判断问题句的说法正确。
7.B. 利用题干中的Filters(过滤器) 和 low tar tobacco(低焦油)作为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句：Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.该句说：“但是它们(过滤器和低焦油)只能稍微减少吸烟的危险， 而不能消除吸烟的危险”， 因此判断问题句(过滤器和低焦油使吸烟更加安全)不正确(因为“过滤器和低焦油使吸烟更加安全”这种说法的言外之意就是“吸烟本身是安全的， 而过滤器和低焦油能使吸烟更加安全”， 显然这与文章的主题—“吸烟有害健康”不一致。)。
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第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The fridge
The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator."
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking, slating, sugaring, bottling…
What refrigeration did promote was marketing -- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expanse, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you'll get ride of that terrible hum.
1. Paragraph 2 ________ A. The invention of the fridge
2. Paragraph 4 ________ B. The pollution caused by fridges
3. Paragraph 5 ________ C. The widespread need for fridges
4. Paragraph 6 ________ D. The days without the fridge
E. The waste of energy caused by fridges
F. The fridge's contribution to commerce
标准答案： D,F,E,B
解析：1. D。分析： 段首句(观点句)说“在我童年的时候还没有冰箱， 但是我吃的很好， 吃的是很健康的食物”，接着提到了“送奶工每天送奶，食品商等每周几次的送货” ， 这在内容上是具体说明“没有使用冰箱时生活的情况”， 在该段最后一句中提到“三十年过去了， 供货者已经不再送食物(上门)了，…”，结合该句内容不难推断该段中前面部分的主要内容是有关“没有冰箱”时生活情况的描述，因此判断D (没有冰箱的日子)是答案。
2. F。 分析： 段首句是观点句， 该句说“冰箱的确促进了市场销售”，而“marketing(市场销售)”这个词也是在段落中反复出现， 因此判断选项中应该出现与该词相呼应的词或内容， 因此判断F(commerce(贸易)与marketing(销售)呼应)是答案。
3. E。分析： 该段段首句很长，但是注意到段首句中出现了由转折词but所引导的转折句(段首句/段未句中的转折分句处的句意往往很可能是段落的主题句)， 该部分内容说“但是(世界上绝大多数的冰箱被发现是用在那些气候温和的，富有国家里， 这些国家从气候上说几乎是没有必要使用冰箱。)”， 借助这部分内容判断E(由冰箱所造成的能源浪费)是答案的最佳选项。
4. B。分析： 段首句是观点句， 该句说“冰箱对环境的影响一直是很显著的(借助常识和背景知识， 我们能意识到这里所说“对环境的影响”是指“对环境的污染”)， 而冰箱对人类所带来的幸福却是微不足道的”， 这个句子很明确地反映了作者的观点， 对比剩下的被选项， 判断B(冰箱所带来的污染)是最佳的选项。
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5. Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because ____________________.
6. The invention of the fridge has not provided a new, economical way in which ____________________.
7.An important contribution made by the invention of the fridge is that ______________.
8. If you stop using the fridge, at least you won't be troubled by the noise ____________________.
A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were delivered
B. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities
C. foods can be preserved
D. most kids like iced soft drinks
E. every housewife needs food
F. the fridge produced when it is working
标准答案： A,C,B,F
解析：5 A。分析：空格所在句子的基本时态(主句时态)是一般过去时， 所以空格所在的结构(从句结构)应该是过去时态的一种，所以只有A， D，F可能是答案。从搭配语意(在冰箱开始使用之前， 因为牛奶，肉， 蔬菜等食物都会送上门， 所以人们仍然可能获得新鲜的食物。)上看， A最合适。
6. C。分析：从搭配语意(冰箱的发明并没有提供出一种新型的， 经济的方法来保存食物。)上看， C最合适。
7. B。分析：空格前面部分的内容说“冰箱的发明所作出的一个重要的贡献是…”，我们在解答概括大意部分的题时，已经了解到“市场销售/贸易”是“冰箱的贡献”， 对比剩下的选项， 判断B(冰箱促进了各种商品的销售)是答案。
8. F。分析：空格前面部分的内容说“如果你停止使用冰箱， 至少你不会被…噪音所影响。”， 从搭配语意上直接选择F(当冰箱工作时产生的)。
责任编辑：虫虫
