二、匹配题
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16、
Privacy worry may keep HIV patients from therapy
Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.
Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV –infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.
“The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”
“Two types of breaches occurred,” Whetten-Goldstein noted.” The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient’s child. ”
“The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches,” Whetten-Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient’s HIV status without the patient’s knowledge of the interaction.”
“The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient’s consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out.
“Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”
“However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,” she added.
1. All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2. Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the culative effects on patients.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3. Medical worders of an institution cannot freely provide their HIV-patients’ information to those of other institutions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4. Whether a HIV-infected patient agrees to other (not his) medical workers’ sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
标准答案： B,B,A,C
17、
5. Most patients in the study strongly object to the breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6. Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7. Breaches in confidentiality are common in medical circles all over the world.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
标准答案： A,B,C
本题分数： 3.00 分，你答题的情况为 错误 所以你的得分为 .00 分
18、
三、概括大意完成句子(8分)
A bit Good News for Fat People
Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and continuous dieting, not to mention eating disorders, shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape. But is being underweight really desirable?
Scientists have long been looking into the effects of under-nutrition. These studies --rats and mice have been the subjects, not humans -- indicate that carefully controlled food restriction with adequate vitamins and minerals slows the aging process. In experiment after experiment, thin animals consistently(一贯地) outlive(比。。长命) their all-you-can-eat cousins, sometimes doubling their average life span. They seem to age more slowly too. the level of cholesterol(胆固醇)in their blood stays lower longer. Their bodies stay responsive to certain hormones(激素) longer. Their immune systems stay healthier longer. Underfed rats and mice are also less likely to suffer from age-related diseases like cancer, kidney and heart disease.
But we still know little about the effect of scientifically controlled under-nutrition on people. Researchers have kept studying large numbers of people, linking their weight with their health over long periods of time. In direct contrast to the laboratory experiments, these population studies suggest that being underweight can actually be dangerous to your health.
In a major National institutes of Health study that followed more than 5,000 men and women for 24 years, scientists discovered that the thinnest people ran the highest rate of dying. The thinnest group of men had the highest death rates from cancer and all other diseases except those of the cardiovascular(心血管的)system. It is also found that thinnest does not mean wellness. Men 15 percent below average weight die more often from pneumonia(肺炎), influenza, heart disease and suicide than their weightier counterparts(相似的人或物). Women 15 percent less than average are easy to get pneumonia, influenza and digestive(消化的，消化系统的) system diseases. An American cancer society study found that those 20 percent underweight died more often from strokes and digestive disease than their average weight counterparts. In a California study of 7,000 men and women, the highest death rate were among those 10 percent underweight.
Conversely, these and other studies are finding that being slightly or moderately overweight, even as much as 35 percent above standard weight, is good for your health.
1. paragraph 2__________ A. Good things about being a little overweight
2. paragraph 3__________ B. Fashion of being underweight
3. paragraph 4__________ C. Experiments on animals regarding under-nutrition
4. paragraph 5__________ D. Some negative effects of being underweight
E. Contrast between experiments on animals and on people
F. Health of women under nutrition
标准答案： C,E,D,A
19、
5. A great many people go on a diet to have ____________.
6. Those all-you-can-eat animals often have ___________.
7. People 15 percent underweight suffer more from ____________.
8. The thinnest group of men are less likely to suffer from ______________.
A. diseases of the cardiovascular system
B. a body shape that all people will admire
C. longer life-time
D. digestive system diseases
E. a shorter life span
F. pneumonia and influenza
标准答案： B,E,F,A
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