20、第四部分：阅读理解(每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
难度C/B级
Drug Reactions – A major cause of death
Adverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
“The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high,” say researchers at the university of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.
They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined as ADR as “any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy.”
An average of 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that “in 1994, overall 2,216, 000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs. ” This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America.
And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures.
The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year.
Dr. David bates of Brigham and women’s hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. “When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded, ” Bates notes, “and patients receive drugs to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency.” He believes computerized surveillance systems – still works-in-progress at many of the nation’s hospitals – should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors.
1. Researchers at the University of Toronto believes that ___.
A. ADRs have caused medical problems, though they seldom lead to death.
B. ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada.
C. ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.
D. it is easy to prevent ADRs from happening.
2. The investigators sat that ___.
A. 67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital die from ADRs each year.
B. 67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital experience an ADR each year.
C. 6.7% of all hospitalized patients in America experience ADRs each year on average.
D. 6.7% of all hospitalized patients in Canada experience ADRs each year on average.
3. An American research estimates that the total sum of money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as ___.
A. $ 40,000,000,000
B. $4,000,000,000
C. $400,000,000
D. $40,000,000
4. The Canadian investigators think that ___.
A. the ADR incidence figures from their research are surely very exact.
B. the ADR incidence figures from their research are probably too high.
C. the ADR incidence figures from their research are perhaps too low.
D. none of the above is true.
5. According to Dr. David Bates, hospitals in America ___.
A. are not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings.
B. have never tried to use computers to prevent ADRs from happening.
C. do not use those drugs which will cause side effects to their patients.
D. know that many ADRs are easily preventable
标准答案： C,C,B,C,A
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