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2010年职称英语理工类课程讲义:词汇选项(6)
来源:优易学  2010-1-15 14:26:58   【优易学:中国教育考试门户网】   资料下载   外语书店

  11.We should not sacrifice(牺牲) environmental protections(环保) to foster (促进)economic(经济的) growth(增长). (answer: B)
  A. reduce:减少,同义词:decrease
  B. promote: v 晋升、提升、促进
  C. realize(***):认识到、实现计划、了解到,常见搭配:
  Realize one’s mistake认识到自己的错误;realize one’s hopes/plan/dream实现希望/计划/梦想;realize the truth of the event了解时间真相
  D. give:给予
  补充:foster是一个多义词,除了“促进”,还表示培养、培育、照顾、抚养(不属于自己的孩子), 如:foster mother养母;foster parents养父母。
  请见教材上一道原题:
  Government(政府) health campaigns(健康运动) have fostered (培养)an awareness(意识) of the dangers(危险,危害性) in certain social habits (某些社会习惯).
  A. included(包括) B. discovered(发现)
  C. cultivated (培养、养成, 种植庄稼,陶冶情操)
  D. discouraged:使某人泄气,失去信心,反义词:encourage:鼓励,请注意dis-是一个常见的反义前缀。
  12.There is a growing(不断增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、) between the rich(代表一类人,富人们) and the poor(穷人们). (answer: C)
  A. conflict:n 冲突、争执、(意见的)分歧、v冲突、抵触
  a conflict of interests利害冲突;
  B. tension: n 紧张,同义词:nervousness
  C. gulf: n 海湾、沟壑、分歧,常见搭配:gulf between A and B in sth
  There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education(教育) of their child.
  D. confrontation: n 对抗、动词:confront.
  一般用于: confront sb with sth让某人面对(不快的或令人头疼的事情)
  有关gap,还有一个常见的表达:generation gap代沟
  13.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(帮助). (answer: D)
  A. helpful:有帮助的,反义词:helpless, 词组:be helpful to sb
  He is always helpful to his mother.
  B. hopeful:有希望的,反义词:hopeless, 常见搭配:be hopeful of/about对。。。抱有希望,如:I am hopeful of passing the exam.
  C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人怜悯的、可怜的,反义词:pitiless: 无怜悯心的、残酷的
  D .thankful:感激的、感谢的,反义词:thankless: 不感谢的、忘恩的,常见搭配:
  be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth
  得出结论:同义词的常见搭配也一样,后缀-ful(充满的)和-less(少的、几乎没有的)互为反义词。(重要词根!)
  14.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)
  A. shortly:adv马上、立刻 I’ll be coming back shortly.
  B. currently: adv时下、当前,同义词组:at present = now
  She is currently in Beijing.
  C. lately(***): adv 最近,同义词:recently
  How have been lately?近来可好?
  D. probably: 可能地,反义词:improbably, 同义词:possibly.
  presently = shortly = soon
  15.Attitudes to(对。。。的态度) mental(精神的) illness(疾病) have shifted(改变) in recent years(在近几年=lately). (answer: C)
  A. displayed: 展示、陈列某物,显示、显露 display sth to sb
  B. shown:原形show, 显示、展示,此时和display属近义词。
  C. changed(***):高频核心词,含义丰富,改变、更换、交换、换乘、换衣服\兑换货币,等等。
  change one’s idea/attitude改变主意/态度;change one’s job换工作; change gear换挡; change sides改变立场; change train换乘火车;change dollars into RMB把美圆兑换成人民币。
  D. demonstrated:v 证明、论证、表明、示威游行

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