4.A severe drought can actually lessen the total amount of government aid that United States farmers receive as a group. The government pays farmers the amount，if any， by which the market price at which crops are actually sold falls short of a preset target price per bushel for the crops. The drought of 1983， for example， caused farm-program payments to drop by $10 billion.
Given the information above， which of the following， if true， best explains why the drought of 1983 resulted in a reduction in farm-program payments？
（A） Prior to the drought of 1983， the government raised the target price for crops in order to aid farmers in reducing their debt loads.
（B） Due to the drought of 1983， United States farmers exported less food in 1983 than in the preceding year.
（C） Due to the drought of 1983， United States farmers had smaller harvests and thus received a higher market price for the 1983 crop than for the larger crop of the preceding year.
（D） Due to the drought of 1983 ， United States farmers planned to plant smaller crops in 1984 than they had in 1983.
（E） Despite the drought of 1983， retail prices for food did not increase significantly between 1982 and 1983.
5.In the United States， vacationers account for more than half of all visitors to what are technically called “pure aquariums” but for fewer than one quarter of all visitors to zoos， which usually include a “zoo aquarium” of relatively modest scope.
Which of the following， if true， most helps to account for the difference described above between visitors to zoos and visitors to pure aquariums？
（A） In cities that have both a zoo and a pure aquarium， local residents are twice as likely to visit the aquarium as they are to visit the zoo.
（B） Virtually all large metropolitan areas have zoos，whereas only a few large metropolitan areas have pure aquariums.
（C） Over the last ten years，newly constructed pure aquariums have outnumbered newly established zoos by a factor of two to one.
（D） People who visit a zoo in a given year are two times more likely to visit a pure aquarium that year than are people who do not visit a zoo.
（E） The zoo aquariums of zoos that are in the same city as a pure aquarium tent to be smaller than the aquariums of zoos that have no pure aquarium nearby.
6.In the United States， the Postal Service has a monopoly on first-class mail， but much of what is sent first class could be transmitted electronically. Electronic transmittal operators argue that if the Postal Service were to offer electronic transmission， it would have an unfair advantage， since its electronic transmission service could be subsidized from the profits of the monopoly.
Which of the following， if each is true， would allay the electronic transmittal operators' fears of unfair competition？
（A） If the Postal Service were to offer electronic transmission， it could not make a profit on first-class mail.
（B） If the Postal Service were to offer electronic transmission， it would have a monopoly on that kind of service.
（C） Much of the material that is now sent by first-class mail could be delivered much faster by special package couriers， but is not sent that way because of cost.
（D） There is no economy of scale in electronic transmission——that is，the cost per transaction does not go down as more pieces of information are transmitted.
（E） Electronic transmission will never be cost-effective for material not sent by first-class mail such as newspaper and bulk mail.
7.Which of the following best completes the passage below？
The computer industry's estimate that it loses millions of dollars when users illegally copy programs without paying for them is greatly exaggerated. Most of the illegal copying is done by people with no serious interest in the programs. Thus， the loss to the industry is much smaller than estimated because
（A） many users who illegally copy programs never find any use for them
（B） most of the illegally copied programs would not be purchased even if purchasing them were the only way to obtain them. （C） even if the computer industry received all the revenue it claims to be losing， it would still be experiencing financial difficulties.
（D） the total market value of all illegal copies is low in comparison to the total revenue of computer industry.
（E） the number of programs that are frequently copied illegally is low in comparison to the number of programs available for sale
8.Which of the following best completes the passage below？
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