2. As the housing affordability gap widens, middle-income families are especially hard-hit, and these families can no longer qualify to buy homes, and rising rental rates force them to use far more than the standard 25 percent of their incomes for housing, leaving them with no equity or tax write-offs to offset the expenditures.
(A) and these families can no longer qualify to buy homes, and
(B) since these families can no longer afford to buy homes, furthermore
(C) for these families can no longer afford to buy homes, yet
(D) and these families can no longer afford to buy homes; however
(E) and these families can no longer afford to buy homes, for
3. Confused by the many strata and substrata of ancient civilizations overlying one another, Schliemann’s excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, were temporarily called to a halt.
(A) Schliemann’s excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, were temporarily called to a halt
(B) Schliemann’s excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, temporarily halted
(C) Schliemann temporarily halted his excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy
(D) excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, were temporarily halted by Schliemann
(E) excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, and of the ancient Troy, were temporarily halted by Schliemann
4. Lower-level management function most effectively when they have thorough training and unimpeded communication with workers, supervisors, and one another.
(A) management function most effectively when they have
(B) managers function most effectively when they have
(C) management functions most effectively when they have
(D) managers function most effectively when they have received
(E) management functions most effectively when it has
5. The exigencies of dramatic art, as shown even by the history plays of Shakespeare, makes the foreshortening of dramatized historical events inevitable.
(A) makes the foreshortening of dramatized historical events inevitable
(B) made dramatized historical events inevitably foreshortened
(C) make the foreshortening of dramatized historical events inevitable
(D) has inevitably foreshortened dramatized historical events
(E) inevitably foreshortens dramatized historical events
6. The main reasons for the phenomenal growth of agribusiness over the last fifteen years are because of elevated land prices, the basing of retail marketing networks on produce imported from other states, and decreased competition from developers.
(A) because of elevated land prices, the basing of retail marketing networks
(B) a result of elevated land prices, retail marketing networks based
(C) that land prices are elevated, retail marketing networks are based
(D) elevated land prices, retail marketing networks based
(E) because land prices are elevated, the basing of retail marketing networks
7. Everyone participating in the early sociological study committed a crucial methodological error by failing to fully consider alternative ways of classifying their data.
(A) by failing to fully consider alternative ways of classifying their
(B) by failing fully to consider alternative ways of classifying their
(C) they failed to consider alternative ways to classify their
(D) by not fully considering alternative ways to classify the
(E) by not considering fully alternative ways of classifying his or her
8. During an era when interracial tensions in the United States have run high, Rosa Parks became a quiet, unassuming symbol of the continued struggle for human dignity.
(A) have run high
(B) ran high
(C) had run highly
(D) run high
(E) were running highly
9. In such works as his 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber, Frederic Remington caught the public’s fancy by portraying those moments of conflict that defined the West’s romantic heroes.
(A) In such works as his 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber, Frederic Remington caught the public’s fancy
(B) In such works as Frederic Remington’s 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber, the public’s fancy was caught
(C) Frederic Remington, catching the public’s fancy in such works as the 1889 masterpiece A Dash for the Timber, did it
(D) The fancy of Frederic Remington’s public was caught in his 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber,
(E) The public’s fancy was caught by Frederic Remington in such works as his 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber,
10. The Coast Guard recently redesigned channel markers in the Chesapeake Bay to accommodate large numbers of ospreys, whose huge nests formerly obstructed the lights.
(A) numbers of ospreys, whose huge nests
(B) numbers of ospreys, their huge nests
(C) amounts of ospreys, the huge nests of which
(D) nests of ospreys they
(E) numbers of ospreys, and their huge nests
11. An unusually strong cyclist can, it is hoped, provide enough power to set a new distance record for human-powered aircraft in MIT’s diaphanous construction of graphite fiber and plastic.
(A) can, it is hoped, provide enough power to set
(B) it is hoped, can provide enough power that will set
(C) hopefully can provide enough power, this will set
(D) is hopeful to set
(E) hopes setting
12. Chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts present considerable environmental risk during offshore oil drilling.
(A) Chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts present considerable environmental risk during offshore oil drilling.
(B) The reason offshore oil drilling presents a considerably environmental risk is because of chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts.
(C) A considerable risk to the environment is presented during offshore oil drilling, where low-level leaks are chronic and the routine discharge of mud and mineral salts.
(D) Offshore oil drilling presents a considerable risk to the environment due to the fact of chronic low-level leaks, and mud and mineral salts are routinely discharged.
(E) Chronic low-level leaking, along with the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts, are what make offshore oil drilling environmentally risky.
13. Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals in her home, they featured the preparation of great quantities of ceremonial food, the wearing of many layers of colorful clothing adorned with silver, and the recounting of traditional tribal jokes and stories.
(A) Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals in her home, they featured
(B) Festivals were held in Aho, a Kiowa matriarch’s home, which featured
(C) Aho, who was a Kiowa matriarch in her home, held festivals featuring
(D) In her home, Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals that featured
(E) Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals in her home that featured
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