chapter 6
accounting procedures for asset and liabilities imprest system
it implies a fixed amount of cash, a float is supplied. from the float, expenses are paid,which are reimbursed at the end of the period bringing the amount in hand up to the original amount.
bank reconciliation statement
a bank reconciliation statement is normally prepared each month to analyzethe differences between the ending cash balance on the bank statement and the ending cash balance in the firm’s accounting records. its begin is ‘balance per bank statement’ ends at ‘balance per cash book’(correct version or adjusted one).
first-in-first-out assumption
fifo cost flow assumption assumes that the first item purchased is the item sold.
weighted average cost assumption
the average cost flow assumption allocates all costs to cost of goods sold and ending stock on an average basis. the total cost of gods available for sale is divided by the total number of units on hand.
disposal of fixed assets
*a fully depreciated asset with no scrap value is removed from the accounts by debiting provision for depreciation and crediting the asset account.
**an asset that is sold for an amount equal to its carrying value is removed
from the accounts by debiting cash for the proceeds, debiting provision for depreciation, and crediting the asset account. if there is loss or gain, it will be shown in the profit and loss account. ( disposal of fixed assets account may be used, dr. fixed asset cr. trade-in allowance , accumulate depreciation , profit and loss.)
preference share
*they carry a fixed rate of dividend.
**cumulative preference shares have the right to accumulate dividends in a given year if they are in arrears.
***participating preference shareholders share extra dividends with ordinary shareholders in excess of their normal preference dividends.
provisions and reserves
a provision is an amount written off or retained by ways of providing for depreciation or renewals.
a reserve is where an amount has been voluntarily transferred from the profit and loss appropriation account. it may be for some specific purpose or it
would be a general reserve account.
indirect cost
cost that cannot be identified with or traced to a given cot object in a cost effective way.
variable cost
a variable cost is unchanged per unit of cost driver but changes i total in direct proportion to changes in the cost driver. such like direct materials, direct labor costs; sales commissions and some factory supplies.
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