Sherry: 上海新东方口译研究中心成员，高级口译翻译明星教师。高级同声翻译。上海交通大学英语硕士、博士。知识渊博，旁征博引，充满激情，深受广大学生欢迎。参与编著新东方《高级口译笔试备考精要》及《高级口译全真模拟试卷》。
9.13高口翻译参考答案(中翻英)
Confucius, an ancient Chinese sage, said: “He who uses his brain will govern; he who uses his strength will be governed.” It is a reflection of the demarcation of status in traditional Chinese culture and a direct determiner of career-choosing in China. White collar workers, in modern sense for those using their brains, are the envy of the society while blue collar workers, working by using their strength, are under pressure of inferiority despite their high wages.
In China, there goes another saying that all merchants are liars. It is generally believed that business is a despised profession in traditional culture as businessmen are profit-oriented, which runs counter to what men of complete virtues should pursue, valuing justice above material gains. However, going into business has become the primary choice for youth in choosing a career, who have shed the shackles of tradition towards modern consciousness.
随心所欲不逾矩
翻译是门玄妙的学问，用中国古代圣人孔子的一句话总结，可谓是“随心所欲不逾矩。”“矩”就是规律，所以翻译是科学。翻译又是艺术。英文是比较科学的文字，说一是一，说二是二，比较精确。译成中文，不可能完全统一。中文是比较艺术的文字，说一是二，说东指西，比较模糊，翻成英文，更难统一。
我们在上海新东方的口译翻译课堂上始终和同学传达“矩”，普遍的规律，语言的差别，翻译的奥妙。翻译要使两种语言统一，在词汇和词组层面上的统一比较容易，在句子上的统一就要难些，在段落层次上统一，那就更难。
翻译学家、语言学家形成共识，认为英语是形合的语言，汉语是意合的语言。
英国诗人雪莱在《西风颂》中说：
If winter comes
Can spring be far behind?
汉语中省略连接词语if的译文流传最广：冬天到了，春天还远吗？
汉语的意合和英语的形合由此可见一斑。
所以，我们在汉译英的时候，合并原则是首要遵循的原则。
我们来看这一句：
现代意义上的“白领阶层”是让人羡慕的对象，而“蓝领阶层”即使工资较高，仍有被人看不起的压力。
两组对立的意义需要恰当的连接，while是最佳的选择。如苏格拉底曾经说过：
Others live to eat while I eat to live.
我们可以这样翻译：
White collar workers, in modern sense for those using their brains, are the envy of the society while blue collar workers, working by using their strength, are under pressure of inferiority despite their high wages.
我们再来看这一句：
……，认为商人“唯利是图”，与君子重义轻利的追求背道而驰，所以在传统文化中经商是被人看不起的职业。
我们通过对于逻辑意义的分析，发现商人的唯利是图与君子之道背道而驰，是从商受到轻视的原因，所以添加表示因果关系的连接词语as 、since或because来把句子间的关系明朗化。同时， 与君子之道背道而驰是对于唯利是图的补充说明，可以通过定语从句体现出来。如下面译文所示：It is generally believed that business is a despised profession in traditional culture as businessmen are profit-oriented, which runs counter to what men of completer virtues should pursue, valuing justice above material gains.
随心所欲不逾矩，我们的译文才能既合章法，又地道自如。
责任编辑：虫虫
