与第一段相反:加入工会的人多But since the mid-1970’s(强对比,转折), a different strategy has emerged. In 1977*1, 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization, compared with 46 percent of government professionals*1A(最多), 44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers. (多个数字连续出现,可以暂时不看)Since then, however(强转折), the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent. (多个数字连续出现,可以暂时不看)
解释现象What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? 原因一:女工增多,干到退休First, more(比较句,容易出两种题——正面问:直接事实题;反面问:取非题) women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age*9E. Consequently(原因), they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. 原因二:女性运动Also, the women’s movement*5 has succeeded in legitimizing合法化,立法 the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf, thereby (结果,+现在分词,不同于therefore,不可加句子)producing a more positive attitude*5C toward unions. 原因三:public独有的,所以前两个原因不重要,这个原因最重要The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector*7C(首次出现) clerical workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst(原因)—the structural change in the multi-occupational public-sector unions themselves. Over the past twenty years, the occupational distribution in these unions has been steadily shifting(同change,所以开始讲废话) from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because(原因) there are far more women in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of female members has accompanied the occupational shift(同change,所以开始讲废话) and has altered union policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women’s issues.
1. According to the passage, the public-sector workers who were most likely to belong to unions in 1977*1 were直接事实题
(A) professionals*1A
(B) managers
(C) clerical workers
(D) service workers(A)
(E) blue-collar workers
2. The author cites union efforts to achieve a fully unionized work force (line 13-19) (问解释什么,往前找)in order to account for why直接事实题
(A) politicians might try to oppose public-sector union organizing
(B) public-sector unions have recently focused on organizing women
(C) early organizing efforts often focused on areas where there were large numbers of workers
(D) union efforts with regard to public-sector clerical workers increased dramatically after 1975(E)
(E) unions sometimes tried to organize workers regardless of*2E the workers’ initial interest in unionization
3. The author’s claim that, since the mid-1970’s, a new strategy has emerged in the unionization of public-sector clerical workers (line 23) would be strengthened if the author虚拟语气,逻辑题(支持题:搭桥法,啰嗦法,具体事例法)
(A) described more fully the attitudes of clerical workers toward labor unions
(B) compared the organizing strategies employed by private-sector unions with those of public-sector unions
(C) explained why politicians and administrators sometimes oppose unionization of clerical workers
(D) indicated that the number of unionized public-sector clerical workers was increasing even before the mid-1970’s(E)
(E) showed that the factors that favored unionization drives among these workers prior to 1975 have decreased in importance反衬法:以前起作用的因素现在不起作用了,所以只能证明有新策略出现。类似搭桥法。(大概只出现过两次,不要求)
责任编辑:sealion1986