Security and Commodity Exchanges
Security and commodity exchanges are trading posts where people meet who wish to buy or sell. The exchanged themselves do no trading; they merely provide a place prospective buyers and selling can meet and conduct their business.
Wall Street, although the best known, is not only the home of the exchanges in the United States. There are the cotton exchanges in New orleans and Chicago; and grain exchanges in many of the large cities of the Midwest. Some exchanges, like the Chicago Board of Trade, provide market services for several kinds of products. These trading posts where products may be bought or sole are called commodity exchanges.
The security exchanges, on the other hand, are meeting places where stocks and bonds are traded. Like the commodity exchanges, they help serve the economic life of the country. But when their operations get out of hand, they may become very dangerous. In 1929, the security exchanges, or stock market, contributed to a crash-a sudden, sharp decline in the value of securities. Many people lost fortunes; many corporations were bankrupted; many workers lost their jobs. The Crash of 1929 has been attributed to many causes, among them wild and unwise speculation by many people and dishonest practices on the part of some businessmen and of some members of the exchanges.
Today, however, investing through security exchanges and trading on commodity exchanges has been made safer by regulations set up by the exchanges themselves and by regulations of the United States government in 1992, the government instituted the Commodity Exchange Commission which operates through the Department of Agriculture; and in 1934, the Securities and Exchange Commission, to protect investors and the public against dishonest practice in the exchanges.
6. Security and commodity exchanges are meeting places for buyers and sellers of ___.
A. stocks B. grain
C. securities D. all of these
7. Security exchanges handle___.
A. securities B. grain
C. bonds D. both A and C
8. Among the reasons for the Crash of 1929 were ___.
A. unwise speculation by many people
B. dishonest practices by some businessmen
C. strict regulations of the Commodity Exchange Commission
D. both A and B
9. Investing in securities has been made safer by the ___.
A. Security and Exchange Commission
B. Commodity Exchange Commission
C. Chicago Board of Trade
D. Chicago Mercantile Exchange
10. Which of the following is implied but not stated?
A. Some exchanges provide market services for several products.
B. The role of the government has been an important factor in curing dishonest practices on the exchanges.
C. Investing in securities is unwise.
D. Buying and selling is dishonest.
解析：
6. D根据第二段和第三段,这一交易所可进行多种交易.
7. D 根据第三段,债券交易所可以进行债券和证券的交易. The security exchanges, on the other hand, are meeting places where stocks and bonds are traded.
8. D根据第三段, The Crash of 1929 has been attributed to many causes, among them wild and unwise speculation by many people and dishonest practices on the part of some businessmen and of some members of the exchanges. 1929年的股市危机是由于许多人投机和一些商人不诚实的行为造成的.
9. A 最后一段, and in 1934, the Securities and Exchange Commission, to protect investors and the public against dishonest practice in the exchanges. 政府建立的证券交易委员会使投资变得更加安全.
10. B 答案A.在文章第二段直接提到了.Some exchanges, like the Chicago Board of Trade, provide market services for several kinds of products. 答案C证券投资是不明智的和答案D买卖双方是不诚实的,这两点在文中都没有提到.
文章中指出了政府的努力来维护正常的交易秩序,暗示了政府在制止不诚实交易行为中所起的重要角色,但并没有在文中直接陈述这一点.
TRANSLATIAN
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
China and the United States signed a historic agreement yesterday that will pave the way for Beijing to enter the Would Trade organization (WTo), 13 years after it applied to join.
While Beijing has still to complete negotiations with other WTo members , the US was the toughest party to deal with.
The agreement, after six grueling days and nights of negotiations, opens the way for China to joint the world’s principal trading body and is the mainland’s most important economic event since December 1979,when it switched from state planning and isolationism to reform and the open-door policy.
Hang Ligang, chief executive of eLong.com, an Internet start- up firm that was illegal when it was founded last week but became legal yesterday with the lifting of a ban on foreign investment in the Net, summed up the day. “if we say that Deng Xiaoping opened China t the world in 1979, we can say that this time China has entered the world.”
The chief US negotiator, Trade Representative Charlene Barshefsky, described the deal as “profoundly important”, “absolutely comprehensive and an excellent one for American business.
11) At a meeting with Ms. Badrshefsky yesterday afternoon, president Jiang Zemin called the deal as “good , historic and realistic”, and a win-win for both sides, which showed that both countries saw the issue form a strategic viewpoint.
12) Chinas entry into the WTo will have profound ramifications for the country, binding her to international trading rules and encouraging foreign firms to invest by providing a system less based on rule by the idiosyncrasies of an official and more on transparent laws and regulations.
13) It will accelerate a process of closing money -losing and over-manned stated companies and moving labor and capital into marker-driven businesses. In the short term , it will drive up unemployment as inefficient capital-intensive state industries shed labor and shut down.
It will marks a vital political victory for prime Minister Zhu Rongji, the main proponent, along with Mr.Jiang, of China’s membership, who offered a similar deal in Washington in April.The NATo bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade,froze negotiations from May until September.
14) For Mr.Zhu, WTo membership will serve as a motor for reform of sate companies, banking ,insurance, securities and other industries.
At a news conference just before she left China, Ms. Barshefsky said the support of the two presidents had been crucial. presidents Bill Clinton and Jiang Zemin met in Auckland and agreed to put the talks back on track, with a deadline of the next round of WTo talks that will begin in Seattle on November 30.
Ms.Barshefsky, full of energy despite the six-day marathon, presented the agreement’s main details.overall tariffs will fall to an average of about 17 per cent and on farm goods to 14.5 per cent to 15 per cent, while China will make significant liberalizations on importing such goods, especially wheat, corn, cotton and other bulk commodities.
15) Beijing will eliminate non-tariff quotas within five years, some in two to three years. it will cut tariffs on imported cars from the current 80-100 per cent to 25 per cent by 2006 and allow foreign financial institutions to finance the purchase of cars.
It will allow 49 per cent foreign investment in telecommunications firms from the date of entry, rising to 50 per cent in two years, and will allow foreign banks to conduct local currency business with domestic companies two years after accession and with domestic individuals five years after.
Beijing also agreed to lift a ban on foreign investment in the internet.IN return, Beijing received a concession on textiles, with Washington backing down from its demand that quotas on China’s exports remain until 2010. Instead they will end in 2005, but with an “anti-imports surge” mechanism remaining for a further four years, to prevent a flood of exports.
11.昨天下午会见巴尔舍夫斯基女士时，江泽民主席称该协议是“好的,具有历史和现实意义。而且对双方来说是一个双赢的协议。它表明两国都是从战略高度来审视这一问题的。
12.中国加入世贸组织对其自身将产生深远影响------通过提供一套更少为官员个人喜好而左右、更多建立在透明的法律法规之上的制度，使自己接受国际贸易规则的约束并鼓励国外公司投资。
13.它将加速关闭亏损和冗员的国有公司的进程，促进劳动力和资本加快流向受市场驱动的企业。短期内因低效、资本密集型的国有企业的裁员和停产，失业现象也将加剧。
14.对朱总理来说，世贸组织成员资格将成为推动国有公司、银行业、保险业、证券业及其他行业改革的动力。
15.中国将在五年内消除非关税配额，其中一些将在两到三年内解除。这将使进口汽车的关税从目前的80%--100%减至2006年的25%。并允许国外金融机构为购车提供资金。
责任编辑：虫虫
