英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如 and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的.
从今天开始我们就由浅入深，来对这一类型的句子进行练习和攻克。希望大家通过练习能掌握分析这类句式的一般规律和方法。
Exercise
Keeping your head, instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit, may make the different between life and death when fire breaks out.
The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
And neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely every day, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.
要点分析和参考译文
要点：句中主语为动名词短语“Keeping……” “crowding”和“pushing”两个动名词是并列平行结构。
参考译文：当火灾发生时，保持冷静，不要向安全出口乱挤乱拥，这样就会使生与死的机会截然不同。
要点：主语the way 有一个很长的定语从句修饰，定语从句中有三个并列的不定式短语作动词“is used”的目的状语即to achieve privacy， to build homes，和to design cities。本句的主干部分为：The way is culturally influenced。
参考译文：怎样利用空间实现个人隐私，修建住宅及规划城市都受到文化上的影响。
要点：neither…nor连接并列主语。“convince”后接“people”作宾语，另外三个“that……”从句并列作convince 的宾语，其中最后一个“that……”从句前省略了“that”补齐则为（that） millions of……。
参考译文：朋友们及家庭成员都无法说服恐惧症患者，使他们相信：多数动物对人无害，数以千计的旅行者每日都安全的飞行，数百万的人每天都安全地乘好几次电梯。 Exercise
In whatever company, they may find persons and conversations more or less pleasing. At whatever table , they may find meat and drink of better or worse taste, dishes better or worse prepared.
Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection.
But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered.
要点分析和参考译文:
要点：这两句为对偶句，结构工整。 In whatever company 意为"无论和什么人交往"不要误以为"不论在什么公司"。 persons and conversations的定语后置。同样道理meat and drink，dishes 也都带有后置定语。
参考译文：无论和什么人交往，他们会发现有些人、有些谈话讨人喜欢，而有些则不然。同样，无论吃什么饭，酒和肉总有可口的和不可口的，菜肴的烹调亦总有优劣之分。
要点：they are too old for是定语从句修饰jobs。Rather than 前后为相同的语法成分即stay 和 face。
参考译文：许多工人宁愿守着因自己年老已不适合的工作，而不愿意去面对（再找工作时）可能会遇到的拒绝
要点：remember 后面有两个并列的宾语从句，一个是that we did not see……，另一个是that we failed to……。 由于介词短语with far greater pain 的分隔和两个宾语从句又各带了一个状语从句，而使全句的结构变得较为复杂。
参考译文：可是，我们更痛苦的回忆是，我们没有看见鲜花怒放时的美丽，没有在别人对我们施以爱之时也以爱回报。
Exercise
We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.
people think of cowboys as free people, unafraid to battle with wild animals, living close to nature, with the trees and the sky and the stars.
Clearly , science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative; this may entail looking beyond existing paradigms governing research in a given area of study.
要点分析和参考译文
要点：此句又两个并列结构存在，一个使全局的主干结构，即由but连接的两个分句"we know……，but all too often we recognize……"；另一个是glance 后面跟着由and连接的两个并列的状语从句。这两个状语从句在实践上存在着先后顺序，在结构上是一个对偶句，而且第二个状语从句得主语省略，即when we remember what it was and then suddenly (we) realize that it is no more。
参考译文：我们大家都知道这是实际情况。可我们却常常只是再回首往事想起它当时的情景时才认识到，并且此时我们会突然发现它已不复存在了。
要点：句中谓语动词为一短语"think of …… as", 后接名词短语" free people"及形容词短语"unafraid to battle with wild animals"并列作cowboys的宾语补足语。分词短语"living……"及介词短语"with the trees……" 做伴随及方式状语。
参考译文：人们把牛仔看成是自由自在的人，毫不惧怕与野兽搏斗，在大自然的怀抱中生活，与树木，天空及星斗共存。
要点：此句是由;号链接在一起的两个独立的句子，是一个并列的结构。第二个分句的主语this 指的应该是前面的整个句子的含义，否则会出现理解上的偏差。Existing paradigms 是介词beyond 的宾语，而governing research 是paradigms的定语。
参考译文：可见，科学包括的不仅是仔细观察，而且还包括乐于去创新，这就必须要超越那些支配着某一特定学科的现有的研究规范。Exercise
The intentional termination of life of one human being by another - mercy killing (安乐死) - is contrary to that for which the medical profession stands and is contrary to the policy of the American Medical Association.
Put them all together, exalt（提高）them above their present imperfections, add to them the vision of humankind redeemed, forever free of need and strife（争议）and you have a future lighted with the radiant colors of hope.
More than three million people live in inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London
要点分析和参考译文
要点：句子主干有两个并列的谓语部分，即" is contrary to……and is contrary to……。" 词组mercy killing 是对前面内容的概括。for which the medical profession stands 是"that"的定语从句。
参考译文：有意识的结束一个人的生命--安乐死--既违反了医学界的职业立场，也违反了美国医学会协会的宗旨。
要点：此句的主干是一个由and 连接的并列结构。第一部分有几个并列祈使句组成，第二部分是一个完整的主谓结构，全句主干即"ut…exalt…，forever free … strife and you have a future…colors of hope。由于第一部分并列祈使句较长而第二部分较短，而且连接两部分的and前面有存在着另外一个and（need and strife）从而致使句子的结构较复杂，不易看出主干的并列结构。
参考译文：把这一切集合起来，加以提高，使之超越现存的缺点，再加上人类得到拯救的憧憬，永远无求无争，那么你将有一个闪耀着希望的绚丽多彩的未来。
要点：全句为并列复合句。 "and"连接并列句。第二个句子是主从复合句。"which"引出非限制性定语从句，修饰"area"。"that " 引出限制性定语从句，修饰 "villages"。"what" 引出名词从句作"form"的宾语
参考译文：三百多万人口居住在伦敦市区，将近五百多万人口居住在周围的郊区--这些郊区由原来分散的村庄构成，逐步形成如今被称为的外伦敦。Exercise
Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
These expenses , however, usually involve the rent of a small office , expenses for stationary, and possibly , the salary of a secretary.
He must assume that you have lived in the tropics , have never seen a coat worn or put on, and that he is to tell you verbally how to do it.
要点分析和参考译文
要点：此句为一个多层次的并列结构，”by” 以前的部分为句子的主体部分，由“and”连接的两个并列的分句组成。第二个分句的主语和一部分谓语省略了以避免重复。In doing so可以理解为in the process of distinguished themselves from other animals。第二个分局的完整句子应为and in doing so (they have) ensured their survival。By 所引导的短语里ability带了多个动词不定式做修饰，这些不定式又存在着一个并列的结构，to observe and (to) understand与either……or引导的to adapt to……，to control and (to) adapt it……得并列，and连接。
参考译文：人类已把自己和其他动物区别开了。人类具有观察和了解周围环境的能力，能适应环境，控制环境和根据自己的需要改造环境。人类就是这样生存了下来。
要点：在谓语动词involve 后面是由三个平行的名词短语构成的宾语：he rent of a small office , expenses for stationary, the salary of a secretary。副词however及possibly 为插入语。
参考译文：然而，这些费用通常包括租赁一间小小的办公室和办公用品的支出，或许还要包括秘书的工资。
要点：本句中, that 引导的宾语从句共有三个，have never seen……，是一个省去了引导词that及主语you的宾语从句；过去分词worn or put on作宾语coat的补语。
参考译文：他肯定以为，你一直居住在热带从来没有见过穿在身上的外衣或怎样穿外衣，故而他要告诉你如何穿外衣。
责任编辑：虫虫
