Music critics have consistently defined James P. Johnson as a great early jazz pianist, originator of the 1920's Harlem "stride" style, and an important blues and jazz composer. In addition, however, Johnson was an innovator in classical music, composing symphonic music that incorporated American, and especially African-American, traditions.
Such a blend of musical elements was not entirely new: by 1924 both Milhaud and Gershwin had composed classical works that incorporated elements of jazz. Johnson, a serious musician more experienced than most classical composers with jazz, blues, spirituals, and popular music, was particularly suited to expand Milhaud's and Gershwin's experiments. In 1927 he completed his first large-scale work, the blues- and jazz-inspired Yamekraw, which included borrowings from spirituals and Johnson's own popular songs. Yamekraw, premiered successfully in Carnegie Hall, was a major achievement for Johnson, becoming his most frequently performed extended work. It demonstrated vividly the possibility of assimilating contemporary popular music into the symphonic tradition.
Question 6.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
The passage states that Johnson composed all of the following EXCEPT
A. . jazz works
B. . popular songs
C. . symphonic music
D. . spirituals
E. . blues pieces
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Question 7.
This question has three answer choices, labeled A through C. Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply. The credited response may be one, two, or all three of the choices.
The author suggests which of the following about most classical composers of the early 1920's?
A. . They were strongly influenced by the musical experiments of Milhaud and Gershwin.
B. . They had little working familiarity with such forms of American music as jazz, blues, and popular songs
C. . They made few attempts to introduce innovations into the classical symphonic tradition
Indicate your answer choice or choices.
Question 8.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
The author suggests that most critics have
A. . underrated the popularity of Yamekraw
B. . undervalued Johnson's musical abilities
C. . had little interest in Johnson's influence on jazz
D. . had little regard for classical works that incorporate popular music
E. . neglected Johnson's contribution to classical symphonic music
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following reading passage.
. Scholarship on political newspapers and their editors is dominated by the view that as the United States grew, the increasing influence of the press led, ultimately, to the neutral reporting from which we benefit today. Pasley considers this view oversimplified, because neutrality was not a goal of early national newspaper editing, even when editors disingenuously stated that they aimed to tell all sides of a story. Rather, the intensely partisan ideologies represented in newspapers of the early republic led to a clear demarcation between traditional and republican values. The editors responsible for the papers' content-especially those with republican agendas-began to see themselves as central figures in the development of political consciousness in the United States.
A. solicitous: While in many ways their personalities could not have been more different-she was ebullient where he was glum, relaxed where he was awkward, garrulous where he was solicitous-they were surprisingly well suited.
B. munificent: While in many ways their personalities could not have been more different-she was ebullient where he was glum, relaxed where he was awkward, garrulous where he was munificent-they were surprisingly well suited.
C. irresolute: While in many ways their personalities could not have been more different -she was ebullient where he was glum, relaxed where he was awkward, garrulous where he was irresolute-they were surprisingly well suited.
D. ebullient: While in many ways their personalities could not have been more different-she was ebullient where he was glum, relaxed where he was awkward, garrulous where he was laconic-they were surprisingly well suited.
E. fastidious: While in many ways their personalities could not have been more different-she was ebullient where he was glum, relaxed where he was awkward, garrulous where he was fastidious-they were surprisingly well suited.
F. taciturn: While in many ways their personalities could not have been more different-she was ebullient where he was glum, relaxed where he was awkward, garrulous where he was taciturn-they were surprisingly well suited.
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Indicate your two answer choices.
Questions 6 through 8 are based on the following reading passage, which consists of two paragraphs.
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