Adam Smith, writter in the 1770s, was the first peson to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantage. He gives as an example the process which pins were made in England."One man draws out __1__ the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head.
To make the head require two or three distinct operations. To__2__ pur it on is a separate operation, to publish the pins is another.It is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper. And the important business of making pins are, in the manner, divided__3__ into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in other the same __4__ man will sometimes perform two of three of them." Ten men,Smith said, in this way, turned twelve pounds of pins a day or__5__ about 4800 pins apiece. But if all of them had worked seperatel and dependently without division of labor, they__6__ certainly could not each of them have twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor, provide that it is not taken too far, is an __7__ efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took them for__8__ granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for the economic growth and development and that it accounts __9__ for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds something new; it __10__ only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
答案
1.在which前面加上by。which的先行词是the process， 必须通过(by) the process生产pin。而不是the process本身
2. require—requires。主语为不定式to make the head，谓语动词应为第三人称单数一般现在时
3. are—is。主语为the important business of
4. other—others。others是代词，代指other factories
5. 在turned后加out。turn out 是习语，意为“生产出.......”
6. dependently—independently。逻辑上应与上文的separately一致
7. provide—provided/providing = on condition（that）。意为假设，倘若，引导条件句
8. them—it。习语take it for granted
9. 去掉the。抽象名词在用来表示它的一般概念时常不用冠词；即使前面有一段描绘性的定语，也多不加冠词，growth 和development 正属于抽象名词
10. something—nothing。根据上下文，因为“劳动分工”没什么新意
责任编辑：wangpeng6151
