Even if you know adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it’s important to take a refresher course once you become a parent. CPR and the Heimlich maneuver are different for infants than for adults; in fact, they’re different for children over age 1 than they are for your baby. Review the basic infant CPR steps below.
CPR is performed when a baby has stopped breathing. If you discover that your baby can’ t breathe because an object is blocking his airway, do the infant Heimlich maneuver.
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If you think your child isn’t breathing, even after you’ve tried to rouse him, have someone immediately call 911 (or your local emergency service if you don’t have 911) while you get started on CPR. If you’re alone, go through the CPR routine once, then carry your child to the phone with you. Continue CPR while you’re calling, if possible.
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With you baby on his back, tilt his head back and lift his chin. This should open his airway and allow you to listen to check whether air is passing in and out. Watch tosee if his chest is rising and falling. If you don’t detect any signs of breathing, go to Step 3.
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With your baby’s head still tilted back, cover his lips and mouth with your lips. Create a seal. Give two small breaths and let the air flow back into your mouth between breaths. You should be blowing hard enough so that his chest rises. If it doesn’t, retilt his head and try the breaths again. If there’s still no rise in the chest, assume that there’s an obstruction in his airway and begin the Heimlich maneuver.
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If your breaths have gone in, press two fingers against the inside of your baby’s upper arm to feel for a pulse. If a pulse is evident, but he baby isn’t breathing, continue giving a slow breath every three seconds, stopping to check the pulse every minute or so. As long as there’s a pulse, repeat the one slow breath every three seconds until the baby begins to breathe, or until help arrives.
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If you can’t feel a pulse and the baby isn’t breathing, place two fingers in the center of his chest about an inch below his nipples. Press five times firmly and quickly. The baby’s breastbone should go in about an inch each time you pres. Follow the five compressions with one breath. Repeat the compressionbreath cycle about 20 times during the next minute. Then check the pulse again. Continue until you feel a pulse or help arrives.
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHET 2. (10 points)
We can learn a good deal about the nature of business by comparing it with poker. While both have a large element of chance, in the long run the winner is the man who plays with steady skill.(46)In both games ultimate victory requires intimate knowledge of the rules, insight into the psychology of the other players, selfconfidence, a considerable amount of selfdiscipline, and the ability to respond swiftly and effectively to opportunities provided by chance.
No one expects poker to be played on the ethical principles preached in churches. Poker has its special ethics, and here I am not referring to rules against cheating.(47)The man who keeps an ace up his sleeve or who marks the cards is more than unethical; he is a crook, and can be punished as suchkicked out of the game or, in the Old West, shot.
In contrast to the cheat, the unethical poker player is one who, while abiding by the letter of the rules, finds ways to put the other players at an unfair disadvantage. Perhaps he bothers them with loud talk. Or he tries to get them drunk. Ethical poker players frown on such tactics.
Poker’s own brand of ethics is different from the ethical ideals of civilized human relationships. The game calls for distrust of the other fellow. It ignores the claim of friendship. Cunning deception and concealment of one’s strength and intentions, not kindness and openheartedness, are vital in poker.(48)No one thinks any the worse of poker on that account. And no one should think any the worse of the game of business because its standards of right and wrong differ from the prevailing traditions of morality in our society. That most businessmen are not indifferent to ethics in their private lives, everyone will agree. My point is that in their office lives they cease to be private citizens; they become game players who must be guided by a somewhat different set of ethical standards.
The point was forcefully made to me by a Midwestern executive who has given a good deal of thought to the question: “So long as a businessman complies with the laws of the land and avoids telling harmful lies, he is ethical. If the law as written gives a man wideopen chance to make a killing, he would be a fool not to take advantage of it. If he doesn’t, somebody else will. There is no obligation on him to stop and consider who is going to get hurt. If the law says he can do it, that’s all the justification he needs. There is nothing unethical about that. It’s just plain business sense.”
I think it is fair to sum up the prevailing attitude of businessmen on ethics as follows:
We live in what is probably the most competitive of the world’s civilized societies.(49)Our customs encourage a high degree of aggression in the individual’s striving for success. Business is our main area of competition, and it has been made into a game of strategy. The basic rules of the game have been set by the government, which attempts to detect and punish business frauds.(50)But as long as a company does not break the rules of the game set by law, it has the legal right to shape its strategy without reference to anything but its profits. Decisions in this area are, finally, decisions of strategy, not of ethics.
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